introduction: colorectal carcinoma is a main health problem in many countries and the third common cancer in iran. this malignancy at present is the most curable carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract. variation in the expression of the proteins produced by p53, p21, p16, e-cadherin, and β-catenin genes have been noted in this malignancy and may be important in the prognosis and therapeutic respon...

Objective(s): Activation of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is responsible for tissue injury caused by acidosis in nervous systems. But its physiological and pathological roles in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) are unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ASIC1a regulates the survival of NPCs in the acidic environment of degenerated discs. Materials and Methods: NPCs were i...

The twin-arginine transport pathway is a protein-targeting system dedicated to the transmembrane translocation of fully folded proteins. In bacteria, proteins are targeted to a membrane-embedded Tat translocase by specialized N-terminal twin-arginine signal peptides bearing an SRRXFLK amino acid motif. Complex cofactor-containing Tat substrates, such as DmsA and TorA, acquire their redox cofact...

Bcl-2 family proteins are key intracellular regulators of programmed cell death. Several recent discoveries demonstrate how these proteins interact with the molecular machinery that controls and executes the cell-death programme, and how they can themselves be regulated by extracellular survival signals.

Milk is a source of bioactive molecules with wide-ranging functions. Among these, the immune properties have been the best characterised. In recent years, it has become apparent that besides the immunoglobulins, milk also contains a range of minor immune-related proteins that collectively form a significant first line of defence against pathogens, acting both within the mammary gland itself as ...

Establishing an infection within a host requires efficient invasion and division. In the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, these functions are mediated by dynamin-related proteins with a unique evolutionary history.

To identify kinesin-related proteins that are important for ciliary and eukaryotic flagellar functions, we used affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies to synthetic peptides corresponding to conserved sequences in the motor domain of kinesin (Sawin et al. (1992) J. Cell Sci. 101, 303-313). Using immunoblot analysis, two antibodies to distinct sequences (LNLVDLAGSE, 'LAGSE' and, HIPYRESKLT, 'HI...