abstract. let $l$ be a lattice with the least element $0$. an element $xin l$ is a zero divisor if $xwedge y=0$ for some $yin l^*=lsetminus left{0right}$. the set of all zero divisors is denoted by $z(l)$. we associate a simple graph $gamma(l)$ to $l$ with vertex set $z(l)^*=z(l)setminus left{0right}$, the set of non-zero zero divisors of $l$ and distinct $x,yin z(l)^*$ are adjacent if and only...

Coexistence of ecologically similar species relies on differences in one or more dimensions of their ecological niches, such as space, time and resources in diel and/or seasonal scales. However, niche differentiation may result from other mechanisms such as avoidance of high predation pressure, different adaptations or requirements of ecologically similar species. Stone marten (Martes foina) an...

We analyze a well known type of puzzle in planar geometry: given a planar shape, it is required to find a cut that divides the shape into two identical parts (up to rotation and translation). Clearly not all shapes can be so dissected and for some shapes that appear in puzzles the cutting curve is quite surprising and difficult to find. In this paper we first analyze the inverse problem of asse...

Background According to high prevalence of renal stone in children, we evaluated the efficacy of treatment with potassium citrate and its correlation with metabolic disorders in children less than two years of age with renal stone and microlithiasis. Methods In this cross- sectionaly study, 100 patients (less than 2 years old) with renal stone or microlitiasis were evaluated for metabolic dis...

The bitmap obtained by scanning a printed pattern depends on the exact location of the scanning grid relative to the pattern. We consider ideal sampling with a regular lattice of delta functions. The displacement of the lattice relative to the pattern is random and obeys a uniform probability density function defined over a unit cell of the lattice. Random-phase sampling affects the edge-pixels...

OBJECTIVE To apply a semiquantitative method for analysis of technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) renal scintigraphy for monitoring the effect of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) in patients with calyceal stones on regional kidney function and to check whether EPL had caused any deleterious effect on the target calyceal renal parenchymal function. PATIENTS AND M...

In this work, we propose a new language modeling paradigm that has the ability to perform both prediction and moderation of information flow at multiple granularities: neural lattice language models. These models construct a lattice of possible paths through a sentence and marginalize across this lattice to calculate sequence probabilities or optimize parameters. This approach allows us to seam...

The focus of this thesis is the study of relative definability of first-order boolean functions with respect to the language PCF, a paradigmatic typed, higher-order language based on the simply-typed λ-calculus. The basic core language is sequential. We study the effect of adding construct that embody various notions of parallel execution. The resulting set of equivalence classes with respect t...

The relative cost effectiveness of adjuvant urso and chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been assessed as part of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of ESWL as a treatment of gall bladder stones. Of the first patients with gall stone volume < 4 cm3 randomised to ESWL in the main trial, 24 were randomised to have ESWL alone and 26 to have adjuv...

BACKGROUND/AIMS We evaluated the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) for large common bile duct (CBD) stone removal compared with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). METHODS A total of 1,580 patients who underwent endoscopic CBD stone extraction between January 2001 and July 2010 were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were applied: chol...