We analyze a model in which voters are uncertain about the policy preferences of candidates. Two forces a¤ect the probability of electoral success: proximity to the median voter and campaign contributions. First, we show how campaign contributions a¤ect elections. Then we show how the candidates may wish to announce a range of policy preferences, rather than a single point. This strategic ambig...

Religious extremism and fanatism are major contributions to violent activities crisis in Nigeria. Borno State is one of most affected States due the Boko Haram insurgency. This paper put together as a result three (3) days peace seminar conducted at College Education Waka – Biu on 29th 31st January, 2020. Waka-Biu eight (8) tertiary institutions State. It located Biu, Southern senatorial Distri...

This paper studies a model of how political parties use resources for campaigning to inform voters. Each party has a predetermined ideology that is drawn from some distribution. To a¤ect the voters the parties use campaigning to inform the voters about the policy of the party. We study a symmetric model with two parties and ...nd that, the farther away parties are from each other (on average), ...

A revolutionary entrepreneur strategically chooses the revolutionary agenda to maximize the likelihood of revolution. Citizens have different preferences and can contribute varying degrees of support. This presents the revolutionary entrepreneur with a tradeoff between extensive and intensive margins of support. We show: (1) Extremists exert a disproportionate influence over the revolutionary a...

This article investigates the impact of the distribution of preferences on equilibrium behavior in conflicts that are modeled as all-pay auctions with identity-dependent externalities. In this context, we define centrists and radicals using a willingness-to-pay criterion that admits preferences more general than a simple ordering on the line. Through a series of examples, we show that substitut...

Many models have been proposed to explain the opinion formation in a group of individuals; most of these models study the opinion propagation as the interaction between nodes/agents in a social network. The opinion formation is a very complex process and a realistic model should also take into account the important feedbacks that the opinions of the agents have on the structure of the social ne...

As a multicultural country, Indonesia has big challenges to maintain the harmony and unity. Nowadays, intolerance acute extremism are rampant that spread group of people. These problems could disrupt national stability inter-religious harmonies. To prevent divisions wars between religious believers, Ministry Religion is aggressively promoting moderation in every line society. The was often conv...

In Singapore, Islamic identity matters mainly because Muslims and Malays have special constitutional status. However, state policies seem to contradict the status while community is still dealing with problem of backwardness in educational economic development. This article examines profile strategic role two organizations, MUIS (Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura, Religious Council Singapore) Pergas...

Manbaul Ulum Islamic boarding school is a classical Salaf educational institution that develops its curriculum based not only on nushus sharia but also maqashidus sharia. Technically, the development oriented towards construction of character tawazun, i'tidal, and tawassuth in religion. The research religious moderation utmost importance because it aims to prevent extremism, enhance understandi...