Renewable Energy based microgrids are being considered to provide electricity for the expanding energy demand in the grid distribution network and grid isolated areas. The technical challenges associated with the operation and controls are immense. Electricity generation by Renewable Energy Sources is of stochastic nature such that there is a demand for regulation of voltage output in order to ...

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) of the Pacific over the last decade have established some of the most ambitious renewable energy targets in the world. The promotion of renewable energy has been motivated by a desire to lessen dependence on fossil fuels, given the adverse economic impacts of high oil prices on these countries. Efforts to attract development assistance and to strengthen the...

To address the problems of climate change and energy security, Chinese government strived to develop renewable power as an important alternative of conventional electricity. In this paper, the learning curve model is employed to describe the decreasing unit investment cost due to accumulated installed capacity; the technology diffusion model is used to analyze the potential of renewable power. ...

This paper describes the plans for a Phase II program recently awarded to Proton Energy Systems, Inc. (Proton) under cooperative agreement DE-FC36-98GO10341 with the Golden Field Office of the Department of Energy (DOE). The ultimate goal of this project is to enable the link to sustainability by converting excess renewable power into hydrogen and having that hydrogen available for conversion b...

Renewable energy policies address two market externalities at the same time as they (1) internalize the environmental cost of conventional energy production (GHG emissions and air pollution) and (2) appropriate earnings from learning-by-doing in the renewable energy

The increasing demand for services offered by cloud providers results in a large amount of electricity usage by their data center sites and a high impact on the environment. This has motivated many cloud providers to move towards using on-site renewable energy sources to partially power their data centers using sustainable sources. This way, they can reduce their reliance on brown electricity d...

The energy revolution in Germany is a nationally and internationally highly acclaimed and debated topic. The phase-out of nuclear energy by the end of 2022 opens the door to enter the age of renewable energy. Energy system of the future should be eco-friendly and secure. Currently, Germany is a pioneer of this global development. The implementation of the energy revolution implicates increased ...

An elegant feature of emergy synthesis is its capability to integrate the diverse inputs required to operate a system into a single metric that represents the equivalent amount of energy of one type. However, integration also presents problems with 1) precise tracking of emergy flows from source to sink, 2) developing and estimating indices, 3) communicating results to non-emergy specialists, a...

The aim of this article is to review issues related to the incorporation of scarce natural resources in the theory of economic growth and development. More specifically, we shall concentrate on the role of non-renewable resources. A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource the amount of which on earth is finite and which has no natural regeneration process (at least not within a relevant tim...