This paper outlines the primary factors that affect the neural mediation of behavioral responses to chemical irritants. First, effective irritants must permeate the cornified epithelium or penetrate the mucosa to gain access to nociceptive nerve endings that are present in the skin or mucosa. Physicochemical properties of the irritantlrepellent will determine the degree to which an effective co...

The phenomenon of icing on the surface fuselage while aircraft pass through clouds has an impact flight safety. This may adversely affect metrological conditions and cause aerodynamic mechanical effects, resulting in a threat to research aims fabricate anti-icing 2524 aluminum alloy material by combining laser machining wet etching. microstructure surfaces were obtained laser, nanostructured et...

Soil water repellency can substantially alter hydrologic processes, particularly the ability of soils to infiltrate water. Water often changes through time, making it difficult simulate infiltration behaviors water-repellent using standard models. Here, we propose a simple rate-based correction term that starts with value zero at beginning process (t = 0) and asymptotically approaches 1 as time...

Eight plant essential oils were extracted and tested for their efficiency as natural insecticides against the cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis (Tinsley). In-vitro bioassay, contact toxicity of to adult females 2nd instar nymphs was determined. Also, repellence activity tested. The most effective oil female’s after 72 hrs application L. nobilis followed by Apium graveolens, M. longifolia, C. artic...

Abstract Though riparian areas generally have a shallow water table and higher soil moisture compared to upslope areas, climatic seasonality may trigger repellency in tropical forests, which, if persistent, could negatively affect essential ecosystem functions related resources protection such as reduced overland-flow, sediment transport, nutrient filtration. The objective of this study was ans...

as certain surfactants in cleaning products. Of course, fragrance is also used to mask biological malodors such as those produced in the scalp and underarm area. Fragrance materials themselves have benefits outside their use in fragrance. For example, extensive research suggests that some fragrance chemicals, particularly monoterpenes, have effective anticancer and other pharmacological propert...

Nanometric titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder has been treated on the surface with octyltriethoxysilane in a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) medium. The surface silanization conferred water repellency to the TiO2 powder. The effect of operating variables of the supercritical silanization process (pressure, temperature) on the surface characteristics of the material was analyzed. Finally, the e...