The present study examines how growing socio-economic inequalities in transitional countries that have followed different health policy paths affect women's access to reproductive health care. I conducted surveys in Kazakhstan and Belarus and used logistic regression analyses to determine accessibility to and satisfaction with reproductive health services, reproductive status, and reproductive ...

Second-stage larvae of Meloidodera floridensis kept in tap water developed without feeding into small, slender males. They completed three molts, and the molted cuticles remained superimposed. All organ systems were well developed in third- and fourth-stage male larvae. Structures in the head region such as cephalic framework, styler and esophagus were smaller and differed morphologically from ...

Over the last decades, many tonnes of man-made chemicals have been produced and released into the environment. Many of these chemical substances have the ability to modulate the action of hormones and are called endocrine disrupters. Cell receptors that have been pure receptors for thousands of years have (due to industrialization), become susceptible to the action of exogenous chemicals. The b...

The toxic action of environmental chemicals on reproduction and the toxiclike effects of ovarian hormones have been shown by numerous investigators. Some toxic effects of environmental chemicals on reproduction are through their action on hormonal secretion. Such effects on the endocrine system could provide additional approaches to investigations of toxicity of compounds. A better understandin...

The paper analyzes the scientific data included the author's own results about the opportunities to increase the reproductive potential of female animals by application of the natural no hormonal substances and the supposed mechanisms of their action on the reproductive system. Also the new scientific data related to the discovering of the "metabolic" hormones (leptin, ghrelin) and kisspeptin/G...