The mode I energy release rate, including the effect of residual stresses, was evaluated for both adhesive and laminate double cantilever beam specimens. The energy release rate can be partitioned into a mechanical term and a residual stress term in beam theory. The beamtheory mechanical term is not very accurate, but can be corrected by a slight modification to a previous correction factor. Th...

Without pre-existing infrastructure, a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) can be easily deployed in a hostile environment such as a military operation area or an area undergoing disaster recovery. With limited bandwidth, the data caching technique may be useful to enhance the performance of a MANET. The cooperative caching scheme is shown to be suitable for MANETs. With cooperative caching schemes, ...

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), when a stimulus or event is detected within a particular region, data reports from the neighboring sensor nodes (sources) are sent to the sink (destination). Data from these sources are usually aggregated along their way to the sink. The data aggregation via in-network processing reduce communication cost and improves energy efficiency. In this paper, we prop...

We present a residual-based a posteriori error estimator for Maxwell's equations in the electric field formulation. The error estimator is formulated in terms of the residual of the considered problem and we prove its hp-efficiency. Thus the error indicator bounds the energy error of the computed solution from above and below.

This paper presents an a posteriori residual error estimator for diffusion– convection–reaction problems with anisotropic diffusion, approximated by a SUPG finite element method on isotropic or anisotropic meshes in Rd, d = 2 or 3. The equivalence between the energy norm of the error and the residual error estimator is proved. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical results.

Energy efficiency is the most important issue in research of wireless sensor networks while the routing protocol plays an import role in achieving energy efficiency in WSN. In this paper, the deficiencies of LEACH are analyzed and an improved cluster-based energy efficient routing algorithm called ECHC is proposed. An election weight taking account of the residual energy and concentration of no...

In this paper, the previously proposed Predictive Energy Efficient Bee-inspired Routing (PEEBR) family of routing optimization algorithms based on the Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) Optimization model is extended from a random static mobility model, as employed by its first version (PEEBR1), into a random mobility model in its second version (PEEBR2). This random mobility model used by PEEBR-2 al...

The features of transmissions in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) include lower transmission rate, longer delay time, and higher power consumption when compared with terrestrial radio transmissions. The negative effects of transmission collisions deteriorate in such environments. Existing UWSN routing protocols do not consider the transmission collision probability differences resulting from ...

PURPOSE To examine gene expression differences between pre- and post-neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) specimens of breast cancers and identify biologic changers that may lead to new therapeutic insights. METHODS Gene expression data from prechemotherapy fine needle aspiration specimens were compared with resected residual cancers in 21 patients after 4 to 6 months of NST. We removed stroma-...