quinol oxidation inhibitors (qois) are one of the most important classes of fungicides used in agriculture. they block electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1, thereby impeding the production of atp via oxidative phosphorylation. qoi fungicides are generally at high risk of provoking resistance in fungal phytopathogens. resistance has been reported in more than thirty species, ...

Background: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of aminoglycoside resistance and the prevalence of the resistance-modifying enzyme genes, ant(3”)-III, ant(6’)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia, and aph(2’)-Id, in Enterococcus strains isolated in Kermanshah Province, west of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 108 enterococcal isolates from urine, wound, blood, and cerebrospinal flui...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of resistance to synthetic erythropoietin and factors affecting it among chronic hemodialysis patients in Kerman/ Iran. Methods: This cross- sectional study was performed on chronic hemodialysis patients of three hemodialysis centers in Kerman, Iran during 3 successive months in the summer of 201...

background: nowadays, scourge of malaria as a fatalistic disease has increased due to emergence of drug resistance and tolerance among different strains of plasmodium falciparum . emergence of chloroquine (cq) resistance has worsened the calamity as cq is still considered the most efficient, safe and cost effective drug among other antimalarials. this urged the scientists to search for other al...

Building on cultural psychology and taking inspiration from the George Simmel’s work, this introduction considers resistance as an act of human and societal creativity and thus as developmental at its core. Resistance can be local, such as fleeting moments in one person’s life, or a collective and historical revolt. The chapters in this section introduce this variety.

Fusarium root rot (Fusarium cuneirostrum; FRR) and wilt oxysporum; FW) are major constraints on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide because limited genetic resistance is available in current cultivars. Wild accessions have greater diversity than cultivated germplasm could provide novel sources of for these diseases. We screened 248 wild a greenhouse setting responses to bot...

PULMONARY CAPILLARY BLOOD VOLUME and alveolar-membrane diffusing capacity are components to overall pulmonary diffusing capacity. The equation deriving pulmonary diffusing capacity into these components was first published in 1957 by Francis Roughton and Robert Forster (19) in which the total resistance to pulmonary diffusion is the addition of alveolarmembrane resistance and red blood cell res...