BACKGROUND As the threat of zoonoses and the emergence of pandemic-prone respiratory viruses increases, there is a need to establish baseline information on the incidence of endemic pathogens in countries worldwide. OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of viruses associated with influenza-like illnesses (ILI) in Uganda. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in which nasopharyngeal...

in A549 Cells Infection during Respiratory Syncytial Virus α B κ B by I κ Incomplete Regulation of NF

Viruses account for a substantial portion of respiratory illnesses, including pneumonia, in the elderly population. Presently, influenza virus A H3N2 and respiratory syncytial virus are the most commonly identified viral pathogens in older adults with viral pneumonia. As diagnostic tests such as reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction become more widely used, the relative importance of ...

OBJECTIVE To study the naso-pharyngeal carriage of organisms in children diagnosed with severe pneumonia. METHODS Nasopharyngeal aspirate and swabs for microbiological analyses were collected from 377 children aged 3-59 months with severe pneumonia. RESULTS 28.6% of the samples were positive for S. pneumoniae, 9.6% were positive for H. influenzae, and 8.5% were positive for both the organis...

The lack of a licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can be partly attributed to regulatory hurdles resulting from vaccine enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) subsequent to natural RSV infection that was observed in clinical trials of formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) in antigen-naïve infants. To develop an effective vaccine that does not enhance RSV illness, it is important to u...

Acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in children can result in sequelae of recurrent wheezing and asthma and production of RSV-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), but the pathogenesis of these sequeleae is poorly understood. Guinea-pigs experimentally inoculated with human RSV show histological evidence of acute bronchiolitis and chronic persistence of viral antigens and genome in...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of palivizumab versus no prophylaxis in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection among high-risk preterm infants. METHODS We used and adapted a pre-existent model in which two cohorts of patients received palivizumab or no prophylaxis. The patients were followed for their expected lifetimes. The economic evaluati...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus, and is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and toddlers worldwide. RSV infection poses serious health risks to young children during the first 2 years of life. Several infant populations have been classified as high risk, and additional risk factors are known to increase the likelihood of severe RSV inf...

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a respiratory pathogen of cattle that causes severe disease in calves alone and as one of several viruses and bacteria that cause bovine respiratory disease complex. Like human RSV this virus modulates the immune response to avoid stimulation of a vibrant CD8+ T cytotoxic cell response and instead promotes a Th2 response. The Th2 skew sometimes resul...

A rapid assay, Binax NOW RSV, was compared to viral culture for 14,756 pediatric respiratory specimens obtained from 2003 to 2006. There were 794 viral culture-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infections. Sensitivity was 81%, and specificity was 93.2%. Sensitivity was greatest for neonates (91.1% versus 80.7% [P < 0.01]).