l-Tryptophan is converted to indole-3-carboxylic acid by growing cultures and resting cell suspensions of Chromobacterium violaceum

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) concentrations are increased in the blood of CD4+ T cell depleted individuals, including HIV-1 infected patients. High IL-7 levels might stimulate T cell activation and, as we have shown earlier, IL-7 can prime resting T cell to CD95 induced apoptosis as well. HIV-1 infection leads to B cell abnormalities including increased apoptosis via the CD95 (Fas) death receptor pathw...

Successfully identifying and targeting immune checkpoints on latently HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells could be a key component in HIV-1 eradication therapies [1,2]. Immune checkpoints are negative regulators of: (i) T cell activation; (ii) T cell proliferation; and (iii) effector functions including cytokine production [3]. Thus, inhibiting immune checkpoints could influence the resting status of la...

HIV establishes a latent reservoir in a small pool of resting CD4+ T cells early in the infection of a new host. This viral reservoir has a very slow rate of decay and it is resistant to anti-retroviral therapy and the immune surveillance. This reservoir poses a significant obstacle to the eradication of virus in an infected individual. It is thus of importance to understand how this reservoir ...

All cellular reactions include feedback loops, both positive and negative. Following all receptor-mediated stimulation there are events that activate the cell response and events that dampen the receptor response back to resting conditions. IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils necessarily includes a variety of signaling events that serve to terminate the activation processes. Som...

An adrenal cortical cell rest, an interstitial cell, and a pleuripotent cell have all been suggested as the origin of testicular masses in congenital adrenogenital syndrome. 2 Embryologically the development of the adrenal gland and the genital ridge occurs in close proximity. Adrenal cell rests are therefore known to occur in the spermatic cord, testis, broad ligament, and the ovary. The norma...

The HOX genes are key determinants of cellular identity both in early development and in the renewal and differentiation of adult blood cells. Although a number of studies have examined the expression of individual HOX genes in defined blood cell lineages, we have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of HOX gene expression in resting and activated lymphocytic and monocytic subpopulations. This h...

Silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 C for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as...

The binding of a T cell to an APC results in T cell actin cytoskeletal rearrangement leading to the formation of an immunological synapse. The APC cytoskeleton has been thought to play a passive role in this process. In this study, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (DC), unlike other APC, actively polarize their actin cytoskeleton during interaction with T cells. DC cytoskeletal rearrangement...