Many neuroimaging studies collect functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in a longitudinal manner. The current fMRI modeling literature lacks a generally applicable model appropriate for longitudinal designs. In this work, we build a novel longitudinal functional connectivity (FC) model using a variance components approach. First, for all subjects’ visits, we account for the autocorr...

Magnetic field inhomogeneities cause geometric distortions of echo planar images used for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To reduce this problem, distortion correction (DC) with field map is widely used for both task and resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Although DC with field map has been reported to improve the quality of task fMRI, little is known about its effects on rs-fMRI. Here...

Widely used in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity measurement (fcMRI), the BOLD signal is an indirect measure of neuronal activity, inherently modulated by vascular physiology. Notably, cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) varies across individuals irrespective of neuronal changes, with unknown implications, compromising fcMRI interpretation. This work quantifies the relationship between CV...

Traditional resting-state network concept is based on calculating linear dependence of spontaneous low frequency fluctuations of the BOLD signals of different brain areas, which assumes temporally stable zero-lag synchrony across regions. However, growing amount of experimental findings suggest that functional connectivity exhibits dynamic changes and a complex time-lag structure, which cannot ...

BASCO (BetA Series COrrelation) is a user-friendly MATLAB toolbox with a graphical user interface (GUI) which allows investigating functional connectivity in event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Connectivity analyses extend and compliment univariate activation analyses since the actual interaction between brain regions involved in a task can be explored. BASCO suppor...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that anatomically distinct brain regions are functionally connected during the resting state. Basic topological properties in the brain functional connectivity (BFC) map have highlighted the BFC's small-world topology. Modularity, a more advanced topological property, has been hypothesized to be evolutionary advantageous, contribut...

During resting conditions the brain remains functionally and metabolically active. One manifestation of this activity that has become an important research tool is spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The identification of correlation patterns in these spontaneous fluctuations has been termed resting state fu...

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is widely used to investigate the functional architecture of the healthy human brain and how it is affected by learning, lifelong development, brain disorders or pharmacological intervention. Non-sensory experiences are prevalent during rest and must arise from ongoing brain activity, yet little is known about this relationship. Here...

Muscle fatigue has been known to differentially affect the activation level of the primary motor cortices (MIs) of the brain's two hemispheres. Whether this fatigue-related decoupling influence on the motor cortical signals extends beyond the motor action to the after-fatigue-task resting state is unknown. This question can be addressed by analyzing functional connectivity (FC) of low-frequency...