Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are absent in CD19(-/-) mice. Possible causes include an intrinsic defect in B cells and/or a secondary defect in the extrinsic MZ microenvironment as a result of changes in B cell differentiation in mice lacking CD19. Cells in the MZ also include MZ macrophages (MZM) and MZ dendritic cells (DC). Although CD19 is only expressed on B cells, SIGN-R1(+) MZM are absent an...

The existence of common mechanisms regulating organ regeneration is an intriguing concept. Here we report on a regulatory element that is transiently activated during heart and fin regeneration in zebrafish. This element contains a ctgfa upstream sequence, called careg, which is induced by TGFβ/Activin-β signalling in the peri-injury zone of the myocardium and the fin mesenchyme. In addition, t...

The origin of the stem is a major but poorly understood aspect of plant development, partly because the stem initiates in a relatively inaccessible region of the shoot apical meristem called the rib zone (RZ). We developed quantitative 3D image analysis and clonal analysis tools, which revealed that the Arabidopsis homeodomain protein REPLUMLESS (RPL) establishes distinct patterns of oriented c...

In the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase replication initiation zone, the ori-beta locus is preferred over other start sites. To test the hypothesis that ori-beta contains a genetic replicator, we restored a deletion in the 3' end of the DHFR gene with a cosmid that provides the missing sequence and simultaneously knocks out the downstream ori-beta locus. Replication initiates normally in...

in advance longwall mining, the safety of mine network, production rate, and consequently, economic conditions of a mine are dependent on the stability conditions of gate roadways. the gate roadway stability is a function of two important factors: 1) characteristics of the excavation damaged zone (edz) above the gate roadway and 2) loading effect due to the caving zone (cz) above the longwall w...

We report the first-principle study on the recovery and linearization of Dirac cones in the electronic band structures of a few bilayer Sb(111) films (n-BL Sb) by surface modification. Due to the interaction between the surface states on the two surfaces of a free-standing film, the distorted Dirac cone in n-BL Sb(111) (n < 5) disappears. We demonstrate that the Dirac cone can be restored by fu...

Nutrient pollution is one of the major sources of water quality impairments in the U.S. Agriculture is a major source of nutrients. Two alternative strategies for reducing nutrient loads from cropland are to reduce fertilizer application rates and to filter nutrients coming off cropland with restored wetlands. These two approaches are evaluated in the Mississippi Basin, where nutrient loadings ...

In this study, a newly developed S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer) filler-containing one-step adhesive, called SI (SI-IB551, Prototype), was evaluated regarding its fluoride release behavior. As a result, fluoride ion distribution in the tooth structures and acid resistance of cavity margins were also evaluated. In addition, Absolute (a fluoride-releasing one-step adhesive; AB) was eval...

Nitrate (NO3 (-)) is a key element for crop production but its levels in agricultural soils are limited. Plants have developed mechanisms to cope with these NO3 (-) fluctuations based on sensing nitrate at the root apex. Particularly, the transition zone (TZ) of root apex has been suggested as a signaling-response zone. This study dissects cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying NO3 (-) re...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired fear extermination, hyperarousal, anxiety, depression, and amnesic symptoms that may involve the release of monoamines in the fear circuit. The present study measured several anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of berberine (BER) on symptoms of anxiety in rats after s...