This article considers the policy of retaining low-achieving children in kindergarten rather than promoting them to first grade. Under the stable-unit-treatment-value assumption (SUTVA) as articulated by Rubin, each child at risk of retention has two potential outcomes: Y(1) if retained and Y(0) if promoted. However, SUTVA is questionable because a child’s potential outcomes will plausibly depe...

in order to identify the best maturity time for excision of fertilized ovules in interspecific hybridization, intercrosses were made between two diploid (gossypium herbaceum and g. arboreum, 2n=26) and two tetraploid species (g. barbadense and g. hirsutum, 2n=52). flower morphology, growth rate of ovules and ovaries, as well as fiber growth pattern in various time scales post anthesis were reco...

Dynamics of cropland soil organic carbon (SOC) in response to different management practices and environmental conditions across North China Plain (NCP) were studied using a modeling approach. We identified the key variables driving SOC changes at a high spatial resolution (10 km × 10 km) and long time scale (90 years). The model used future climatic data from the FGOALS model based on four fut...

BACKGROUND Benzodiazepine use is common among patients in opioid agonist therapy; this puts patients at an increased risk of overdose and death. In this study, we examine the impact of baseline and ongoing benzodiazepine use, and whether patients are more likely to terminate treatment with increasing proportion of benzodiazepine positive urine samples. We also study whether benzodiazepine use d...

OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy, safety, and risk factors influencing local tumor progression, following CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of recurrent or residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), around iodized oil retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four patients (M : F = 51 : 13, 65.0 ± 8.2 years old) with recurrent or residual HCC (75 index tumors, size = 14.0 ± 4.6 mm) ...

In this investigation the denture retention was measured and the influence of denture -retention on ima'sticatory efficiency was examined. The investigation was iperf armed on 36 comiplete denture wearers. The test of masticatory efficiency wals used according to Ni'kšić (1965). The meaisuriinig of denture retention was made by specially constructed mechanical scale, which wa's designed so that...