We compared computed tomographic virtual rhinosinus endoscopy (VRS) and conventional fiberoptic endoscopy (FE) for the detection of inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinusal disease. We recruited 158 patients; 100 (group A) had inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinus disease, and 58 (group B) had a history of rhinosinus surgery. All patients underwent VRS within 2 to 6 hours of FE, and VRS was able to ...

Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are perivascular spaces surrounding the perforating cerebral arteries or arterioles.1,2 They distribute throughout the subarachnoid space to the brain parenchyma. Solutes from the brain parenchyma and lymphatics are drained into VRS, but VRS themselves do not have direct communication with the subarachnoid space.3 Dilated VRS (dVRS) are easily detectable by magnetic r...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are CSF spaces that accompany blood vessels as they perforate the brain substance. Dilatation of VRS is associated with microangiopathy. Microvascular disease has a major etiologic and pathogenetic role in dementias. To our knowledge, no investigators have looked at the relationship between dilated VRS on MR imaging and cerebral microvascular d...

We theoretically demonstrate the influence of dark and bright states on vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and optical bistability (OB) of the multi-wave-mixing (MWM) process in a collective four-level atomic-cavity coupling system. We numerically investigate the multidressed VRS and OB behavior of the zeroand high-order transmitted cavity modes of MWM signals. A further study demonstrates that VRS an...