In recent years, large controlled trials have tested several new agents for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Unfortunately, none of these trials has met its primary outcome. This does not mean progress has not been made. In fact, a great deal has been learned about doing clinical trials in lupus and about the biological and clinical effects of the drugs being tested. Many of these drugs were...

For over a century, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) has linked white pines (Strobus) with currants and gooseberries (Ribes) in a complex and serious disease epidemic in Asia, Europe, and North America. Because of ongoing changes in climate, societal demands for forests and their amenities, and scientific advances in genetics and proteomics, our current understanding and management...

BACKGROUND The blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a species of native currant which contains a lot of polyphenolic antioxidants which is used medicinally and has a fundamental role in the maintenance health. MATERIALS, METHODS AND OBJECTIVE: Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and ultraviolet range high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to characterize the polyphenolic content...

MHC molecule expression and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and myocardial infarction. Nat Genet 2005;37:486–94. 4 Yazdani-Biuki B, Brickmann K, Wohlfahrt K et al. The MHC2TA -168A>G gene polymorphism is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Austrian patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R97. 5 Orozco G, Robledo G, Linga Reddy MV et al. Study of the role of a func...

It is usually thought that adequate winter chill is required for the full flowering of many temperate woody species. This paper investigates the sensitivity of blackcurrant bud burst and flowering to natural weather fluctuations in a temperate maritime climate, and compares a range of chill models that have been proposed for assessing the accumulation of winter chill. Bud break for four contras...

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Title: Reduced diversity and increased virulence-gene carriage in intestinal enterobacteria of coeliac children Authors: Ester Sánchez ([email protected]) Inmaculada Nadal ([email protected]) Ester Donat ([email protected]) Carmen Ribes-Koninckx ([email protected]) Miguel Calabuig ([email protected])

Automatic evaluation of machine translation (MT) quality is essential in developing high quality MT systems. Despite previous criticisms, BLEU remains the most popular machine translation metric. Previous studies on the schism between BLEU and manual evaluation highlighted the poor correlation between MT systems with low BLEU scores and high manual evaluation scores. Alternatively, the RIBES me...