In mammalian cells, individual Golgi stacks fuse laterally to form the characteristic perinuclear ribbon structure. Yet the purpose of this remarkable structure has been an enigma. We report that breaking down the ribbon of mammalian cells strongly inhibits intra-Golgi transport of large cargoes without altering the rate of transport of smaller cargoes. In addition, insect cells that naturally ...

The mammalian Golgi ribbon disassembles during mitosis and reforms in both daughter cells after division. Mitotic Golgi membranes concentrate around the spindle poles, suggesting that the spindle may control Golgi partitioning. To test this, cells were induced to divide asymmetrically with the entire spindle segregated into only one daughter cell. A ribbon reforms in the nucleated karyoplasts, ...

Abstract. Given a partition λ = (λ1, λ2, . . . λk), let λ rc = (λ2 − 1, λ3 − 1, . . . λk − 1). It is easily seen that the diagram λ/λ is connected and has no 2 × 2 subdiagrams which we shall refer to as a ribbon. To each ribbon R, we associate a symmetric function operator S. We may define the major index of a ribbon maj(R) to be the major index of any permutation that fits the ribbon. This pap...

Motivated by the study of ribbon knots we explore symmetric unions, a beautiful construction introduced by Kinoshita and Terasaka in 1957. We develop a twovariable refinement WD(s,t) of the Jones polynomial that is invariant under symmetric Reidemeister moves. If D is a symmetric union diagram, representing a ribbon knot K, then the polynomial WD(s,t) nicely reflects their topological propertie...

We show that a null–homologous transverse knot K in the complement of an overtwisted disk in a contact 3–manifold is the boundary of a Legendrian ribbon if and only if it possesses a Seifert surface S such that the self–linking number of K with respect to S satisfies sl(K,S) = −χ(S). In particular, every null–homologous topological knot type in an overtwisted contact manifold can be represented...

Modern graphical user interfaces are based on the WIMP (Window, Icon, Menu, Pointing device) paradigm which has been introduced around 1980 and used without any dramatic change until today. In 2007, Microsoft introduced the Ribbon: a radically redesigned user interface for the Office suite as a reaction to increasing complexity of the Office suite user interface with each new version release. W...

The comparative analysis of magnetic properties of cut cores made of nanocrystalline Fe73Nb3Cu1B7Si16 alloy ribbon and cores made of the same ribbon with preliminary tension-induced transverse magnetic anisotropy was carried out. The possibility of improving magnetic properties of cut cores, decreasing loss, and increasing DC bias immunity of reversible magnetic permeability is presented. The i...

In this paper, we present some of our recent experiences with a data visualization tool and offer some use cases where the visualization tool can potentially drive programmatic change in universities. The Ribbon Tool provides an interactive visualization of student flows through academic programs, progressing over time to either successful completion (graduation) or attrition. Through effective...

One of the most important applications of the RT-functor is the construction of invariants of (closed, connected, oriented) 3-manifolds, the so-called Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariants of 3-manifolds. However, the RT-invariants of ribbon links associated with colorings of links with objects of a ribbon category C in week 46 and week 47 are far too general for this purpose. For this more ambi...

the multiple reference frames (mrf) method is the most suitable method tosimulate impeller rotation in mixing systems. precise determination of stationaryand moving zones in mrf method leads to accurate results in mixing performance.in this research, the entire volume of mixing system was divided into two zones.the kinetic energy values were used to distinguish the zones with differentvelocitie...