In this investigation, 25 adult New Zealand White rabbits randomly selected from both sexes and studied.Coloured latex injection and corrosion cast methods were applied on the materials. This study was carried out to disclose the distribution of the cardiac veins of the New Zealand White rabbits. The veins that drain the heart were found to be the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, th...

Profunda femoris vein (PFV) rarely forms a direct communication with the lower end of the femoral vein (FV) or popliteal vein (PV). During regular dissections for medical undergraduates, we came across a rare anatomical variation of PFV in the right lower limb of an 80-year-old female cadaver. PFV commenced from the PV just above its formation by the union of anterior and posterior tibial veins...

BACKGROUND Real-time ultrasound-guided techniques allow for improved cannulation of the internal jugular vein and femoral vein for hemodialysis; however, these techniques require extra sterilization procedures, specialized probes, or needle guides. A simpler ultrasound vessel localization method was performed to investigate whether this alternative approach would aid in the cannulation of the f...

Various anomalies of the inferior venacava (IVC) have been reported in the past. Amongst, the absence of IVC is one of the less frequently reported anomalies. The absence can be complete or partial, confined to the hepatic, supra-renal or infra-renal segment of IVC. It is still a controversy, whether these conditions are true embryonic anomalies or the result of perinatal IVC thrombosis. A man ...

e.g. plasma, whole blood, saline, etc., but the veins are all collapsed, and repeated attempts to get a needle into a vein now fail. We have found at such time the following method very useful. It has never failed uptil now. In no less than 20 cases we administered, the fluids by this method. The technique is very simple. Palpate the femoral artery of the patient just at Poupart's ligament. Abo...

A 57-year-old patient presents with a large mass at the right groin two months after cryoballoon-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (Fig. 1, left panel). A pseudo-aneurysm of the superficial femoral artery is seen on CT with a small, encapsulated active bleeding region (asterisk) surrounded by a large haematoma (arrow, Fig. 1, right panel). The pseudo-aneurysm of our patient was clinically m...

Introduction The ability of the profunda femoris artery and its branches to maintain a viable and, in certain circumstances, normally functioning lower limb in the presence of an occluded superficial femoral artery has long been recognized. Leeds and Gilfillan (1961) and Morris et al. (1961) both described the successful treatment of groups of patients with combined aorto-iliac and femoropoplit...

We describe an inferior vena cava filter retrieval technique requiring triple venous access performed in a 35-year-old male who was referred for filter removal 16 months after its insertion. The filter showed a right-sided tilt with endothelialization of the distal filter struts into the caval wall. Access was required via both internal jugular veins to straighten the filter using a snared-loop...

Double-J (DJ) stents are the main tools used in urological practice for prevention and treatment of obstruction. Stenting is also mandatory after complicated ureteroscopy or TUL (Transureteral Lithotripsy). Known complications are upper migration of DJ stents into the kidney and lower migration to the bladder. In a man with an impacted right lower ureteral stone, a DJ stent was placed because t...

The optimal management of complex proximal lower extremity vein injuries remains controversial. Ligation can be tolerated but is sometimes complicated by venous hypertension and possible limb loss. At the same time, the relatively large size of these proximal veins does not lend itself very well to the use of simple saphenous vein grafts, in cases when simple venorrhaphy is not feasible. We des...