It has long been established that the high speed solar wind streams observed at 1 A.U. originate from the coronal hole regions of the Sun. Theoretical modelling of the acceleration mechanism depends critically on the value of the maximum of temperature existing close to the Sun. Measurements of the temperature in coronal holes prior to SOHO are unreliable. The very low luminosity leads to extre...

BACKGROUND Pain is a major debilitating factor in osteoarthritis (OA), yet few mechanism-based therapies are available. To address the need to understand underlying mechanisms the aim of the present study was to determine changes in sensory neurons in an animal model of OA pain. RESULTS The model displayed typical osteoarthritis pathology characterized by cartilage degeneration in the knee jo...

Because acetabulum is a part of hip joint, its fracture is important. At first, it is a weight bearing joint and it is involved in approximately all movements of body. In daily living, it must tolerate about 5-7 times body weight. For example, in the position of one leg stance about 3.5 times body weight is transmitted to hip joint. Even in sitting position and also in supine position and strai...

It might sound odd to say this about something people deal with at least three times a day, but food in America has been more or less invisible, politically speaking, until very recently. At least until the early 1970s, when a bout of food price inflation and the appearance of books critical of industrial agriculture (by Wendell Berry, Francis Moore Lappé, and Barry Commoner, among others) thre...

(on the shoulder of reinforcement learning and decision making models) What are the big problems that neuroscience could solve? • mood disorder (Depression, Bipolar ..) : ~ 10% of the population (at some point in life) in US • anxiety disorder (Panic, OCD, PTSD): ~18% of the population • addiction: alcohol ~ 10% of the population (at some point in life) • eating disorder (Anorexia, Bulimia): ~ ...

OBJECTIVES Several studies have shown that mirrored arm or leg movements can induce altered body sensations. This includes the alleviation of chronic pain using congruent mirror feedback and the induction of abnormal sensation in healthy participants using incongruent mirror feedback. Prior research has identified neuronal and conceptual mechanisms of these phenomena. With the rising applicatio...

BACKGROUND Impaired proprioceptive performance is a significant clinical issue for many who suffer osteoarthritis (OA) and is a risk factor for falls and other liabilities. This study was designed to evaluate weight-bearing distribution in a rat model of OA and to determine whether changes also occur in muscle afferent neurones. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Intracellular recordings were mad...

Objectives: Neuroimaging is contributing to the rising costs of dizziness evaluation. This study examined the rate of central neurological causes of dizziness, relevant clinical predictors, and the costs and diagnostic yields of neuroimaging in dizziness assessment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 521 adult patients who visited the hospital during a 12-month period with dizz...