Sasanian’s imperial policy aimed to construct new towns, massive irrigation infrastructures, and land modification bydepopulating rural areas in order to carry out massive agriculture projects particularly in Khuzestan. Shushtar with itsancient relics presents a unique chance to investigate some of these development activities, mainly in terms of irrigation.Several chief irrigation organs have ...

[1] Ongoing climate warming in the Arctic will thaw permafrost and remobilize substantial terrestrial organic carbon (OC) pools. Around a quarter of northern permafrost OC resides in Siberian Yedoma deposits, the oldest form of permafrost carbon. However, our understanding of the degradation and fate of this ancient OC in coastal and fluvial environments still remains rudimentary. Here, we show...

Short rainfall, elevated rates of evaporation, exhaustion of underground water levels and highly inconsistent stream flow regimes have encouraged the construction of big dams and other water regulating infrastructure development resulting in degradation of river ecosystems. These major changes transform and reduce the biological composition of rivers, isolating populations of aquatic life and t...

Some hydraulic characteristics of stream channels — depth, width, velocity, and suspended load — are measured quantitatively and vary with discharge as simple power functions at a given river cross section. Similar variations in relation to discharge exist among the cross sections along the length of a river under the condition that discharge at all points is equal in frequency of occurrence. T...

^ ' at the ebbNow it is Sain line rate m deltaic lands, that along ^ tliat 0{ the between the margin of the floot < whether stream at low-water?and this is ^ q{ the cnrrent be a sea-current 01 settles river?a relatively high bank o >either side down, and it is such banks lQW_water The that confine the river at disposition is channel so formed by this ( , river' ordinarily regarded as all t ia l...

River pollution is a major environmental problem that has negative consequences for humans and wildlife alike. To prevent its consequences, the sources and severity of pollution must be determined by monitoring water quality in river basins, followed by the measures necessary to control the contamination. Models and computer simulation of water quality are important tools for predicting adverse...

Stream power is a widely used parameter to investigate, engineer, and manage river systems. The varied uses of stream power are increasing as it becomes easier to derive stream power using remotely sensed data coupled with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and improved computational power and technology. This document was created to provide clarity to researchers and practitioners using stre...

The Minnesota River Basin (MRB), situated in the prairie pothole region of the Upper Midwest, contributes excessive sediment and nutrient loads to the Upper Mississippi River. Over 330 stream channels in the MRB are listed as impaired by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, with turbidity levels exceeding water quality standards in much of the basin. Addressing turbidity impairment requires ...

This is a study of the impact of cyanide from mining waste on riparian communities, primarily vegetation, near Whitewood Creek, downstream from Homestake Gold Mine in Lead, South Dakota. Cyanide is used in gold processing, and the effluent, until fairly recently, was discharged directly into Gold Run Creek which empties into Whitewood Creek. Vegetation, soil, and water were collected from four ...

This paper develops a new routing algorithm for improving simulation capacity of physically-based hydrological models applied to sparsely-gauged river basins. The study area is the Lhasa River basin, a large plateau basin with an area of 26,225 km2 in southwest China. In the basin, observations from three hydrological stations are available, and the observed hourly rainfall and summer stream fl...