OBJECTIVE To update the epidemiological status of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, in the Quiçama focus, province of Bengo, Angola, and to establish a HAT control programme. METHODS In 1997, 8796 people (the population of 31 villages) were serologically screened for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the causative agent of HAT. In 1998 and 1999, surveys were ca...

Spectroscopic studies of analog terrestrial mineral assemblages are necessary to develop criteria to identify similar environments on Mars. We use visible/near infrared (VNIR) laboratory, field, and remotely acquired spectral data to identify the iron-bearing and hydrous minerals of Rio Tinto, Spain, an astrobiological analog. Mineralogy evolves from iron sulfateand oxiderich (jarosite, rozenit...

BACKGROUND Arboviral diseases are major global public health threats. Yet, our understanding of infection risk factors is, with a few exceptions, considerably limited. A crucial shortcoming is the widespread use of analytical methods generally not suited for observational data--particularly null hypothesis-testing (NHT) and step-wise regression (SWR). Using Mayaro virus (MAYV) as a case study, ...

Premise The genetic structure between plant populations is facilitated by the spatial population arrangement and limited dispersal of seed pollen. Saxifraga acerifolia, a local endemic species in Japan, habitat specialist that confined to waterfalls riparian environments. Its sister species, fortunei, generalist widely distributed along riverbanks. Here, we examined sympatric two test whether d...

Recent investigations on the collapse and growth of macroscopic cavity regions in a granular material due to viscous flow have revealed the possible mechanism of the occurrence of natural disasters such as landslides, collapses of riverbanks and cliffs. We have already shown both theoretically and experimentally a significant effect of flow concentration into the macroscopic cavity regions in a...

The rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in the world impact increased water pollution. Human activities, such as dam constructions, excessive consumption, severance river flows, compaction riverbanks, use riverbed vegetation, disrupt flow alter original hydrological cycle. In response to these conditions, this study aims analyze quality status set up a watershed environmenta...

Settlements close to rivers, the sea, and hills are among those most vulnerable floods. The hilly terrain region experiences higher rainfall than lowlands due orographic effect. As a result, excessive rains feeding major rivers cause rapid rise in water level resulting frequent breaks of riverbanks. flood hence covers inhabited with silt, causing loss lives properties. affected communities need...

Eriocnema fulva Naudin is an endangered herbaceous, perennial, iteroparous, evergreen species geographically restricted to southeastern-center Minas Gerais State, SE Brazil. The individuals occur as patches on rocky riverbanks shaded by seasonal semideciduous Atlantic forest; they are fixed by roots and have a pending stem. Aiming to investigate leaf development and its importance for individua...

On the basis of monthly runoff series obtained in 1950-2013 and annual sediment load measured in 1956--2013 at five key hydrological stations in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, this study used the Mann-Kendall methods to identify trend and abrupt changes of runoff and sediment load in relation to human activities. The results were as follows: (1) The annual and flood se...

The yields of the tropical rivers of Southeast Asia supply large quantities of carbon to the ocean. The origin and dynamics of particulate organic matter were studied in the Houay Xon River catchment located in northern Laos during the first erosive flood of the rainy season in May 2012. This cultivated catchment is equipped with three successive gauging stations draining areas ranging between ...