Many methods have been used to survey red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and gray fox (Urocyon dnereoargenteus) populations. However, none has proven entirely satisfactory, and wild foxes remain one of the most difficult economically important wildlife species to monitor. In this study we evaluated the reliability of a snow track survey method for foxes by investigating whether the average number of road ...

Recent studies have identified roadside safety barriers as a cause of severe injuries and fatalities for motorcyclists. Roadside safety barrier have traditionally been designed with limited consideration for motorcyclist safety since the primary focus was on the safety of occupants of enclosed vehicles. Computer simulations of full-scale crashes between motorcyclists and road barriers would pro...

The main objective of this study was to compare the performance of a portable impairment test device known as roadside impairment testing apparatus (RITA) with the field impairment tests (FIT) that are used at the roadside by UK police. One hundred and twenty two healthy volunteers aged 18-70 years took part in this two-period crossover evaluation. The volunteers received a dose of alcohol and ...

The roadside unit (RSU) plays an important role in VANET environments for privacy preservation. In order to conserve the privacy of a vehicle, the issued certificate must be updated frequently via RSUs. If a certificate expires without being updated, the services for the vehicle will be terminated. Therefore, deploying as more as possible RSUs ensures that the certificate can be updated before ...

Many researchers have failed to utilize back-calculation to estimate traffic emissions effectively or have obtained unclear results. In this study, the back-calculation of traffic-related PM10 emission factors based on roadside concentration measurements was analyzed. Experimental conditions were considered to ensure the success of back-calculation. Roadside measurements were taken in a street ...

Occupational exposure to lead is common among automobile technicians and constitutes 0.9% of total global health burden with a majority of cases in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the blood lead levels of automobile technicians in roadside and organised garages in Lagos State, Nigeria. This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Data were collected usi...

Vehicular ad-hoc networks are expected to be a key enabling technology for the development of future Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), by delivering a wide range of services, spanning from safety alerting to route guidance and entertainment. Most of ITS applications require vehicles on the road to access the Internet through wireless communications with road-side units. The high vehicl...

The Traffic Probe Message Service uses vehicle-to-roadside wireless communication to collect kinematic and other state data from participating vehicles. The draft standard requires vehicles to use pseudonymous identifiers in order to hide their identity. Whenever vehicles transmit state data to base stations called roadside equipment, the vehicles change their identifier and halt the collection...