case presentation a 30-year-old male patient with a history of severe, throbbing, constant pain in the lower mandibular molars was referred to the department of endodontics of hamedan dental university. the patient’s medical history was noncontributory. the buccal object rule (same-lingual opposite-buccal technique) confirmed the additional root as a distolingual root (radix entomolaris). follo...

The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the ma...

apical extrusion of debris and irrigants during cleaning and shaping of the root canal is one of the main causes of periapical inflammation and postoperative flare-ups. the purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure the amount of debris and irrigants extruded apically in single rooted canals using two reciprocating and one rotary single file nickel-titanium instrumentation systems.sixt...

introduction: disinfection and subsequent obturation of the root canal space require adequate mechanical enlargement of the canals. the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shaping ability of mtwo, race and medin rotary instruments during the preparation of curved root canals. materials and methods: sixty mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars with severe curvatures between 2...

Root canal anatomy is complex, and the recognition of anatomic variations could be a challenge for clinicians. This case report describes the importance of cone beam computed tomographyic (CBCT) imaging during endodontic treatment. A 23 year old woman was referred by her general dental practitioner with the chief complaint of spontaneous pain in her right posterior maxilla. From the clinical an...

The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. This requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between treatment sessions. Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the ma...

INTRODUCTION Effective root canal disinfection is a fundamental component of successful root canal treatment. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proposed as a new adjunctive method for additional disinfection of the root canal system with the possibility of improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of PDT on bacterial load reduction during roo...

Microorganisms and their by-products are considered to be the major cause of pulp and periradicular pathosis. Hence, a major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, which requires that all contents of the root canal system be eliminated as possible sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation...

An important consideration in endodontic treatment is the elimination of microorganisms, including fungi, from the complex threedimensional root canal system. Yeasts can be detected in 7-17% of infected root canals. Candida albicans (CA) has a major role in endodontic treatment failure as the most important fungus isolated from the root canal system. C. albicans has been associated with root ca...