Using mycorrhizal inoculum in sustainable agriculture attracted immense attention recent years for improving plant growth, and water uptake. A plastic pot experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University Sulaimani, during June to Juley 2020 study effect different (Glomus mosseae, Glomus geosporum a commercial INOQ Agri) on growth responses use efficiency ...

The interactions of Heterodera glycines at four egg inoculum levels (0, 100, 1,000, and 10,000 per pot) and three cyst levels (0, 100, and 200 per pot) and Calonectria crotalariae at 500, 5,000, and 50,000 microsclerotia per pot were evaluated on soybean. At the two lowest nematode egg levels, the presence of C. crotalariae did not affect nematode reproduction. At 10,000 eggs per pot, however, ...

Eggs of Meloidogyne hapla contain chitin, a substrate for chitinase. Our goal was to determine if endochitinase from the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum expressed in transgenic tobacco increases resistance to this nematode. Endochitinase-transgenic T tobacco seedlings expressing increased endochitinase activity in leaves (11 to 125 times over control) and roots (2 to 15 times over control) were ...

Copper is one of the heavy metal in plant that causes toxicity at high concentration via producing reactive oxygen species. Nitric oxide can protect cells from oxidative stress produce by reactive oxygen species. Effect of different concentrations of copper (1000, 1500 and 2000 μM) and interaction with nitric oxide (100 and 150 μM) were studied on growth parameters (shoot and root length) and s...

oil contamination is one of the most common and usual kinds of pollution in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. one of the economical and effective methods for decreasing or eliminating oil contamination is using plants and microorganisms. soils contain a wide variety of oil decomposing microorganisms, of which pseudomonad, rhodocoous and nocardia are the most important. to evaluate the effect ...

Organic fertilizers are generally thought to be an effective way to sustain soil fertility and plant growth. To promote the productivity of chrysanthemum, five sources of liquid organic fertilizers (L1–L5), as well as a chemical fertilizer, were applied at an early stage of the growth cycle to investigate their effects on plant growth. In the short-term pot experiment, the liquid organic fertil...

BACKGROUND Cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. were exposed to different regimes of lead (Pb) stress as Pb(NO₃)₂ at 0 (CK), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM kg⁻¹ soil. OBJECTIVES The effect of Pb treatment on the root length, tolerance index, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic activity, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme was studied in a greenhouse pot experiment. RESULTS The re...

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of phosphate (PO4 (3-)) addition on iron (Fe) cycling in mangrove ecosystem. Kandelia obovata (S. L.), one of the dominant mangrove species in the southeast of China, was cultivated in rhizoboxes under three different levels of P concentrations. Results showed the solid-phase Fe distribution and Fe(II)/Fe(III) values in both t...