Despite advances in cardiovascular surgery and the use of new equipment for extracorporeal circulation (ECC), the goal of indefinitely safe ECC is not a reality yet. One of the limiting factors is trauma to the blood as it traverses the extracorporeal circuit. Of the factors that have been implicated as sources of trauma, obstructions or disturbances to flow and surface roughness are the two up...

The electrophoretic mobilities of rough and smooth microsomes were studied using free electrophoresis in a sucrose gradient. Rough microsomes have a higher net negative surface charge but removal of the ribosomes decreases their mobility to that of smooth microsomes. Treatment with neuraminidase and phospholipases C and D does not affect the mobility of total smooth microsomes, but this mobilit...

We have developed a semi-automated technique for acquiring neurophysiological data during whisker-based tactile discriminative behavior. Water-deprived, blindfolded rats are tethered by means of a harness vest that permits them to contact a rough (250 micrometer grooves) or smooth discriminandum with only their vibrissae. Discriminanda are mounted on a motor-driven carousel, and the rat indicat...

Surface wettability and topography are recognized as critical factors influencing cell behavior on biomaterials. So far only few works have reported cell responses on surfaces exhibiting extreme wettability in combination with surface topography. The goal of this work is to study whether cell behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces is influenced by surface topography and polymer type. Biomimetic ...

We propose a model for surfaces in mixtures of oil, water, and surfactants with strong electric dipoles. The dipole interactions give rise to a non-local interaction with a negative stiffness between surface elements. We show that, for large space dimension D, this model has a phase transition from rough to smooth surfaces. Contrary to models with a simple quadratic curvature energy of a positi...

OBJECTIVES To compare single implants in the aesthetic zone with different neck designs for marginal bone-level changes and clinical outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-three patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were randomly assigned to be treated with an implant with a 1.5 mm smooth neck ("smooth group"), a moderately rough neck with grooves ("rough group") or a ...

We introduce a technique to characterize, in situ, the solid-solid interface formed when a rough metal surface is placed in contact with a smooth mica surface. The technique is based on the use of extended spectral analysis of multiple beam interferometry in conjunction with the surface forces apparatus (SFA). The intensity versus wavelength spectra of light transmitted through the rough metal/...

Many factors influence a vehicle’s rate of fuel consumption. Among them are engine efficiency, speed, aerodynamics, and rolling resistance. When it comes to the influence that pavement characteristics have on fuel consumption, one of the major contributors is surface roughness which impacts rolling resistance; more energy is required to propel a vehicle over a rough surface than over a smooth s...

Numerous explicit approximations of the Colebrook equation have been developed and evaluated based on two criteria: prediction accuracy computational efficiency. This paper introduces a new evaluation criterion reliability each equation. The is defined by coefficient variation (CV) friction factor that function variabilities component random variables (roughness height internal pipe surface kin...