synovial chondromatosis affecting the glenohumeral joint is rare. treatment primarily consists of arthroscopic loose body removal and synovectomy. shoulder arthroplasty has been mentioned in the literature as a treatment option for patients with coexisting arthritis, although the results have been underreported. the case of an 84-year-old man with long standing synovial chondromatosis of the sh...

a hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval forms of mostly the echinococcus granulosus. in humans, the most common site of cyst development is the liver (60%), followed by the lungs (20%), and much less commonly in other organs such as kidney, spleen, brain, and other soft tissues. the localization of cysts in muscles and subcutaneous is very rare. we report a case of 38-year-o...

Here we describe a new Photinina genus with three species endemic to Serra dos Órgãos Mountains in Brazil. Ybytyramoan gen. nov. occurs in high altitudes, from 980m up to 2000m, and has the following unique set of characters: head abruptly depressed at vertex; lanterns not fully developed, somewhat rounded or anteriorly rounded, straight posteriad, with posterolateral rounded projections (billy...