In this paper, a set of Root mean square derivative based closed Newton Cotes quadrature formula (RMSDCNC) is introduced in which the derivative value is included in addition to the existing closed Newton Cotes quadrature (CNC) formula for the calculation of a definite integral in the inetrval [a, b]. These derivative value is measured by using the root mean square value. The proposed formula y...

The Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model is used to model interest rates and interest rate derivatives. We study the term structure equation for single-factor models that predict non-negative interest rates. It is shown using finite difference techniques that if the boundary is attainable, then this boundary behaviour serves as a boundary condition and guarantees a uniqueness of solutio...

The major problem that wireless communication systems undergo is multipath fading caused by scattering of the transmitted signal. However, we can treat multipath propagation as multiple channels between the transmitter and receiver to improve the signal-to-scattering-noise ratio. While using Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) systems, the diversity receivers extract multiple signal branches or...

Aim of study: The aim of this paper is to compare differences in growth per hectare of species in pure and mixed stands as they result from different definitions of species proportions. Area of study: We used the data of the Spanish National Forest Inventory for Scots pine and beech mixtures in the province of Navarra and for Scots pine and Pyrenean oak mixtures in the Central mountain range an...

OBJECTIVES Kinesio tape (KT) is a commonly used intervention in sports. It claims to be able to alter the muscle activity, in terms of both facilitation and inhibition, by certain application methods. This study compared the neuromuscular activity of the wrist extensor muscles and maximal grip strength with facilitatory, inhibitory KT, and tapeless condition in healthy adults who were ignorant ...

OBJECTIVES To investigate acoustic differences between conversational and clear speech of Korean and to evaluate the influence of the gender on the speech clarity using the long-term average speech spectrum (LTASS). METHODS Each subject's voice was recorded using a sound level meter connected to GoldWave program. Average long-term root mean square (RMS) of one-third octave bands speech spectr...

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate six automatic filtering techniques commonly used in biomechanics for filtering gait analysis kinematic signals namely: (1) power spectrum (signal-to-noise ratio) assessment; (2) generalised cross validation spline; (3) least-squares cubic splines; (4) regularisation of Fourier series; (5) regression model and (6) residual analysis. A battery...

The use of esophageal recordings of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) signal strength to evaluate diaphragm activation during voluntary contractions in humans has recently been criticized because of a possible artifact created by changes in lung volume. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is an artifactual influence of lung volume on the strength of the diaphra...