Modeling of kinetic plasmas using electromagnetic particle in cell (EM-PIC) methods is a well worn problem, that developed have been used extensively both understanding physics and exploiting them for device design. EM-PIC tools largely relied on finite difference coupled with representations the distribution function. Refinements to ensure consistency charge conservation <italic xmlns:mml="htt...

This study investigates whether re-thinking the separation of lexis and grammar in language testing could lead to more valid inferences about proficiency across modes. As argued by Römer, typical scoring rubrics ignore important information encoded at lexis–grammar interface, particular how co-selection lexical grammatical features is mediated communicative function. especially evident when ass...

Through initiatives like Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S ) Intel® has been collaborating with governments and policy-makers to create new national standards and national assessments. But Intel’s professional development programs help teachers use assessment for learning as part of a 21st century learning environment. In this paper, we highlight the research on six assessm...