In this study a new approach to generate association rules on numeric data is proposed. It has been observed that equal binning techniques are not always useful to convert numerical data into categorical data, specifically in medical data. The proposed approach utilise a modified equal width binning interval technique to discretise continuous valued attributes to nominal based on opinion taken ...

Many organizations have turned to computer analysis of their data to deal with the explosion of available electronic data. The goal of this analysis is to gain insight and new knowledge about their core activities. A common query is comparing several different categories (e.g., customers who default on loans versus those that don’t) to discover previously unknown differences between them. Curre...

the purpose of this study was to investigate and to analyze the barriers to the development of sport cooperatives in iran professional sport with an emphasis on article 44. as this study was qualitative, elites and experts were qualitatively interviewed to identify the most important barriers to the development of sport cooperatives. the sample consisted of those subjects who provided the most ...

if global trade were fair, it is argued, then international aid would be unnecessary and inequalities inherent to the economic system would be justifiable. here, we argue that while global trade is unfair, in part because richer countries set the rules, we believe that additional interventions must go beyond trade regulation and short-term aid to redress inequalities among countries that will p...

payment order in eft can be a negotiable instrument in two ways; it can be an instrument based on custom and regulation meaning that whether it should be considered as new instrument or be incorporated in one of the current instruments. in light of iranian legal system and against common law, it is not acceptable that a new negotiable instrument be created by custom because some characteristics...

In this chapter we consider the prediction of stationary time series for various loss functions: squared loss (as it arises in the regression problem), 0− 1 loss (pattern recognition) and log utility (portfolio selection). The focus is on the construction of universal prediction rules, which are consistent for all possible stationary processes. Such rules can be obtained by combining elementary...

A text mining process using association rules generates a very large number of rules. According to experts of the domain, most of these rules basically convey a common knowledge, i.e. rules which associate terms that experts may likely relate to each other. In order to focus on the result interpretation and discover new knowledge units, it is necessary to define criteria for classifying the ext...

Business rules should first be specified at the conceptual level, using concepts and languages easily understood by the business domain experts who are best qualified to validate the rules. This paper focuses on the verbalization of static business rules (i.e. constraints and derivation rules that apply to individual states of the business), ignoring dynamic rules relating to state transitions ...

Credit card frauds are unauthorized transactions that are made or attempted by a person or an organization that is not authorized by the card holders. Fraud with general-purpose cards (credit, debit cards etc.) is a billion dollar industry and companies are therefore investing significant efforts in identifying and preventing them. It is typical to deploy mining and machine learning-based techn...