The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of the role of the non-farm rural economy in assisting the rural reconstruction of the Balkans (specifically, Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Romania). The rural diversification, migration, employment, poverty and policy implications for this in terms of economic development and reconstruction as part of an...

OBJECTIVES Exposure to environments rich in microorganisms such as farms has been shown to protect against the development of childhood asthma and allergies. However, it remains unclear where, and how, farm and other rural children are exposed to microbes. Furthermore, the composition of the microbial flora is poorly characterised. We tested the hypothesis that farm children are exposed indoors...

  T he purpose of this study was to examine farm operations cooperation groups in Central Agricultural Zone of Delta State, Nigeria. All the members of the six  selected groups were used for the study. The data which were collected with the use of questionnaire and interview schedule were analyzed with the use of frequency counts, percentages and Tobit regression model. Most of the members we...

CONTEXT Crash fatality and injury rates are higher on rural roadways than other roadway types. Although slow-moving farm vehicles and equipment are risk factors on rural roads, little is known about the characteristics of crashes with farm vehicles/equipment. PURPOSE To describe crashes and injuries for the drivers of farm vehicles/equipment and non-farm vehicles involved in an injury crash. ...

Using detailed monthly household panel data from rural India, I analyze sectoral wage gaps for men and women. show that the gap across non-farm farm sectors is much higher women than men. Relative to men, also work less time in employment employment. Taken together, these findings suggest constraints are preventing reallocating their more remunerative opportunities. Women likely outside of own ...

A diverse range of foods has been shown to increase energy and micronutrients intake in the developing countries. It is widely asserted in the literature and development circles that farm household access to irrigation dam can provide a significant improvement of household’s dietary diversity. This study set out to assess the role of Kampe irrigation dam on farm household dietary diversity in K...

BACKGROUND Rural residence is protective against atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms in developed countries, an effect attributed to farming and poor hygiene exposures. There are few data from developing countries addressing this question. We compared atopy and wheeze-rhinitis-eczema symptoms between urban and rural Ecuador, and explored the effects of farming and poor hygiene exposures. ...

The paper investigates the impact of different sources income on farm household inequality in Hungary using Farm Accountancy Data Network dataset for period 2007-2015. decomposition Gini coefficients by is applied to focus policy shift from market government support inequality. Off-farm are rather stable with a slight increase Pillar 1 direct subsidies have remained more important than 2 rural ...