BACKGROUND Provision of emergency medical services (EMS) in the rural United States presents a unique challenge. While rural and urban EMS outcomes have been compared, differing urban-rural population characteristics and roles for rural ambulance teams can confound such comparisons. METHODS A year-long study of the prehospital EMS was conducted in rural Richardson County, Nebraska. Data were ...

Migration is an important process of change for rural populations in developing countries. Migration is a primary cause of behaviour change-by their very act of migrating, migrants are different from those who do not migrate. The focus of the current study is male rural-urban migration in Tanzania and its interaction with sexual behaviour. The analysis presents results from a comparison with in...

In this paper, we discuss the perspectives of diverse stakeholders on the changing nature of rural communities and land conservation. We used a questionnaire derived from interviews with stakeholders in two locations near expanding metropolitan areas at the edges of the southeastern and eastern forests. Based on principal component analysis, responses were most highly correlated within three pe...

The aim of this study was to compare urban and rural South Australian primary schoolchildren on measures of anthropometry, fitness, and environmental mediators of physical activity. The sample was comprised of 445 urban and 205 rural boys and 423 urban and 158 rural girls, all age 10–11 yrs at the time of testing. After controlling for socioeconomic status and ethnicity, rural girls and boys we...

METHODS This study compares characteristics of rural and urban registered nurses (RNs) in the United States using data from the 2000 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. RNs in 3 types of rural areas are examined using the rural-urban commuting area taxonomy. FINDINGS Rural and urban RNs are similar in age and sex; nonwhites and Hispanics are underrepresented in both groups. Rural RNs...

✖ Rural LHDs are very small, with fewer than 5 working professionals in the average office, compared with nearly 32 in an average urban office. ✖ The per capita public health workforce supply is slightly greater in rural than in urban LHDs (32:100,000 versus 29:100,000). ✖ Public health nurses form the core of rural LHDs; urban LHDs have a wider variety of professional categories represented wi...

BACKGROUND There is evidence that rural residents experience a health disadvantage compared to urban residents, associated with a greater prevalence of health risk factors and socioeconomic differences. We examined differences between urban and rural Canadians using data from the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey (CHAPS) 2. METHODS Data were collected from 1460 respondents in two rural a...

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between rurality and depression care. METHODS Data were extracted for 10,319 individuals with self-reported depression in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Pharmacotherapy was defined as an antidepressant prescription fill, and minimally adequate pharmacotherapy was defined as receipt of at least 4 antidepressant fills. Psychotherapy was defined as an o...

The association between chronic severe malnutrition and poor mental development as a social and health problem that may lead to a behavioral dysfunction has been reported in several studies. This study has attempted to investigate the relation between stunted children and cognitive measures (IQ). In this study, 1945 school children (845 urban, 1100 rural) have randomly selected by using variabl...

Students’ academic achievement as the community capital depends on the appropriate educational, physical, and psychological environment. Since students spend 20% of their time at school, and due to their high vulnerability to health problems and their value for the family, attention and promotion of their educational environment health is essential. A descriptive cross-sectional study was condu...