Alan Macdonald • Luther College • Decorah, IA 52101 USA • [email protected] 01/18/08 A new statement of the second law of thermodynamics is given. The law leads almost effortlessly, for very general closed systems, to a definition of absolute entropy S, a demonstration that ∆S ≥ 0 in adiabatic processes, a definition of temperature, and a demonstration that dS ≥ δQ/T along quasistatic process...

– From the principle of maximum entropy for a closed system in thermal equilibrium, it is shown for the first instance, to exist a clear relation between total entropy S (in terms of arrangements of particles) and the classical expression for the force acting on a particle in a rotating frame. We determine relationships between arrangement of particles and force in the case of the gravitational...

A common procedure for selecting a particular density from a given class of densities is to choose one with maximum entropy. The problem addressed here is this. Let S be a …nite set and let B be a belief function on 2 . Then B induces a density on 2 , which in turn induces a host of densities on S. Provide an algorithm for choosing from this host of densities one with maximum entropy.

Andrew Beckwith [email protected], [email protected] PACs: 98.80.Cq, 95.35.+d, 95.30.Sf, 65.40.gd, 11.25.Uv Abstract This paper shows how increased entropy values from an initially low big bang level can be measured experimentally by counting relic gravitons. Furthermore the physical mechanism of this entropy increase is explained via analogies with early-universe phase transitions. The role of...

We show that a realization of the correspondence AdS2/CFT1 for near extremal Reissner-Nordström black holes in arbitrary dimensional Einstein-Maxwell gravity exactly reproduces, via Cardy’s formula, the deviation of the BekensteinHawking entropy from extremality. We also show that this mechanism is valid for Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes around the degenerate solution dS2×S. These results...

In this paper, we present a new image thresholding technique which uses the relative entropy (also known as the Kullback-Leiber discrimination distance function) as a criterion of thresholding an image. As a result, a gray level minimizing the relative entropy will be the desired threshold. The proposed relative entropy approach is different from two known entropy-based thresholding techniques,...

[1] The long-term mean properties of the global climate system and those of turbulent fluid systems are reviewed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Two general expressions are derived for a rate of entropy production due to thermal and viscous dissipation (turbulent dissipation) in a fluid system. It is shown with these expressions that maximum entropy production in the Earth s climate system sugg...

Entropy measures that assess signals' complexity have drawn increasing attention recently in biomedical field, as they have shown the ability of capturing unique features that are intrinsic and physiologically meaningful. In this study, we applied entropy analysis to electroencephalogram (EEG) data to examine its performance in epilepsy detection based on short-term EEG, aiming at establishing ...

We study the excitations of a massive Schwarzschild black hole of mass M resulting from the capture of infalling matter described by a massless scalar field. The near-horizon dynamics of this system is governed by a Hamiltonian which is related to the Virasoro algebra and admits a one-parameter family of self-adjoint extensions described by a parameter z ∈ R. The density of states of the black ...

A notion of metric invariance entropy is constructed with respect to a conditionally invariant measure for control systems in discrete time. It is shown that the metric invariance entropy is invariant under conjugacies, the power rule holds, and the (topological) invariance entropy provides an upper bound. November 20, 2014 Key words. invariance entropy, conditionally invariant measures, quasi-...