In a constantly changing environment, organisms must continuously adapt or face extinction. J. B. S. Haldane argued that the “cost of natural selection” (also called the cost of substitution) puts an upper limit on the rate of adaptation, and showed that the cost (C) was a decreasing function of the initial frequency of the benefi cial alleles. Based on mutation-selection balance and 10% select...

Objective: To compare the validity of a new index (Hb×RDW×100/ (RBC)2×MCHC) with twelve discriminating functions (DFs) to differentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and beta-thalassemia trait(ß –TT). Methodology: A total of 823 patients (317 IDA and 506 ß –TT) aged 15 to 35yearold were enrolled in this study. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and other validity parameters were calculated ...

S. Riikonen,1 A. S. Foster,1,2 A. V. Krasheninnikov,1,3 and R. M. Nieminen1,* 1COMP/Department of Applied Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, Helsinki FI-02015, Finland 2Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 TUT Tampere, Finland 3Materials Physics Division, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland Received 1...

Existing models for ring recovery and recapture data analysis treat temporal variations in annual survival probability (S ) as ® xed eþ ects. Often there is no explainable structure to the temporal variation in S1 , . . . , Sk ; random eþ ects can then be a useful model: S i 5 E(S ) + e i . Here, the temporal variation in survival probability is treated as random with average value E( e 2 ) 5 r...

There has been considerable interest during recent years in evaluating the directed commercial halibut fi shery catch-rates and comparing them with observations from the IPHC’s annual setline survey. Further, it has been more than a decade since there has been a review of the IPHC’s current method for standardizing annual fi shery logbook observations for use in the stock assessment (Clark 2002...

The given article describes the implicit fractional dierential equation with anti-periodic boundary conditionsin frame of Caputo-Katugampola derivative. We obtain an analogous integral thegiven problem and prove existence uniqueness results such a using Banach andKrasnoselskii xed point theorems. Further, by applying generalized Gronwall inequality, Ulam-Hyersstability are discussed. To show ee...

Background Due to the advancement of technology and communication, mobile and Wi-Fi have become as an integral part of human life, particularly young population. Thus, a review of EM wave’s effects on the reproductive health has become one of the critical matters of researches in medical field. The accession of using Wi-Fi around the world now has made it possible that about 450 million family ...

The principle of weak monotonicity for cooperative games states that if a game changes so that the worth of the grand coalition and some player’s marginal contribution to all coalitions increase or stay the same, then this player’s payoff should not decrease. We investigate the class of values that satisfy effi ciency, symmetry, and weak monotonicity. It turns out that this class coincides with...

in the present paper, we give a new approach to caristi's fixed pointtheorem on non-archimedean fuzzy metric spaces. for this we define anordinary metric $d$ using the non-archimedean fuzzy metric $m$ on a nonemptyset $x$ and we establish some relationship between $(x,d)$ and $(x,m,ast )$%. hence, we prove our result by considering the original caristi's fixedpoint theorem.

A nonlinear generalization of the S-transform known in Gaussian analysis is introduced. It is deened as a nonlinear operator on topolog-ical spaces of entire functions of innnitely many variables with growth of at most second order and nite type restricted to a certain value. This nonlinear S-transform (NLST) has xed points a certain family of which is found and analyzed. In particular, their s...