Lysyl oxidase is an essential catalyst for the cross-linking of extracellular collagen and elastin. Abnormalities in lysyl oxidase activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of arterial diseases characterized by abnormal matrix remodeling. This study tested the hypothesis that interferon (IFN)-g, a proinflammatory cytokine present in aortic aneurysm and arteriosclerotic plaque rupture, downreg...

The effect of cold storage (5 C, 24 h) and heat treatment (60 C, 5 min) of milk on activities of free and membrane-bound xanthine oxidase has been studied. Both treatments enhanced total xanthine oxidase activity in milk. Activity of membrane-bound xanthine oxidase increased and free xanthine oxidase decreased in buttermilk while it increased in skim milk on cold storage. Heat of milk increased...

Molybdenum (Mo) is a trace dietary element that essential for human survival. Several molybdenum-containing enzymes (e.g., aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase) are associated with key metabolic activities in the body. Molybdenum-based nanomaterials (Mo-NMs), including molybdenum dichalcogenides, oxides, molybdenum-based polyoxometalates, nanocomposites, have been extensively ...

A new staining procedure for glucose oxidase at both the light and the electron microscopic level has been developed. The procedure was equally effective for the detection of galactose oxidase. It appears that the method can be applied to all oxidoreductases which catalyze the production of hydrogen peroxide. Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase and Dactylium dendroides galactose oxidase were used...

The effect of tricresylphosphate (TCP) was studied in vitro and in vivo on the rat liver and brain enzymes acetylcholinesterase (ACC), butyrylcholinesterase (CHE), arylesterase (ARE), aliesterase (ALI), and the microsomal nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH2-oxidase) system. The results show that, in the male rat, TCP given intraperitoneally induces an increase in liver m...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for programmed cell death (PCD) in neurons, but the underlying ROS-producing enzymes have not been identified. NADPH oxidase produces ROS, although the expression of its five subunits are thought to be restricted largely to non-neuronal cells. Here, we show that NADPH oxidase subunits are present in neurons. Moreover, both an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, ...

Among aerobic prokaryotes, many different terminal oxidase complexes have been described. Sequence comparison has revealed that the aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase and the bo3-type quinol oxidase are variations on the same theme: the heme-copper oxidase. A third member of this family has recently been recognized: the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase. Here we give an overview, and report that nitric...

In the preceding paper the oxidation of substrates by “indophenol oxidase” was demonstrated to be a joint action of cytochrome and cytochrome oxidase. It was further shown that with a given amount of oxidase the velocity of hydroquinone oxidation reached a maximum as the amount of added cytochrome was increased. The latter fact immediately suggested the probability that the rapid aerobic oxidat...

A significant role for alveolar macrophages (AM) in the pathophysiology of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been shown; however, the mechanisms behind AM-related lung injury remain relatively uncertain. We examined the role of AM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in pulmonary endothelial cell septic injury. NADPH oxidase is one of the major sources of cellula...

BACKGROUND/AIMS 3,4-Dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine is catalyzed to its aldehyde derivative by monoamine oxidase B, but the subsequent oxidation into the corresponding acid has not yet been studied. Oxidation of aromatic aldehydes is catalyzed mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. METHODS The present study examines the metabolism of 3,4-dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine in vitro and ...