a r t i c l e i n f o Glacial and early Holocene-age sediments from lakes on Mt. Kenya have documented strong responses of mon-tane hydrology, ecosystems, and carbon cycling to past changes in temperature and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. However, little is known about climate and ecosystem variations on Mt. Kenya during the Common Era (the past ~2000 years), despite mounting evidence for si...

When thinking about traditional Iranian architecture, one imagines extensive ornamental patterns that adorn almost every surface of mosques and other prominent buildings. Yet, many theories of architecture since the beginning of twentieth century have considered ornamentation a superficial and superfluous layer. But, are these ornamental surfaces superficial and can they be removed so easily? T...

The study on importance of traditional practices in conservation of medicinal plants in West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania was conducted by using focus group discussions, interviews, participant observation, and botanical survey. Nine traditional practices for conservation of wild plants were identified as domestication; beliefs in sacredness of trees; beliefs in sacred forests; respect of cultu...

Despite rapidly ongoing globalisation, some forests in Kenya are managed by local people in a traditional and sustainable way. It is assumed that the related perception of forest use by local people is based on specific values and attitudes. The aim of this paper is to investigate intangible forest-related values and attitudes of the Tiriki, tribal villagers living around the Kakamega forest in...

The cultural valuation of biodiversity has taken on renewed importance over the last two decades as the ecosystem services framework has become widely adopted. Conservation initiatives increasingly use ecosystem service frameworks to render tropical forest landscapes and their peoples legible to market-oriented initiatives such as REDD+ and biodiversity offsetting schemes. Ecosystem service app...

This paper focuses on the analysis of ways which areas collective use were created and claimed in Middle Ages, through case devasos Ciudad Rodrigo. They lands used preferentially to grazing cattle collection firewood; inhabitants town Rodrigo as well neighbours villages that surrounded those had rights entitlement access. The means claiming communal over spaces between eleventh fifteenth centur...

In 2007, Kaiser Permanente's (KP) Southern California Region designed and implemented a systematic in-reach program, the Proactive Office Encounter (POE), to address the growing needs of its three million patients for preventive care and management of chronic disease. The program sought staff from both primary and specialty care departments to proactively identify gaps in care and to assist phy...