Major steps used in fabricating surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic immersion transducers are investigated in this paper. Such steps include membrane formation and cavity sealing under vacuum. Three transducer membrane structures are evaluated: a nitride membrane with an LTO sacrificial layer; a polysilicon membrane with an LTO sacrificial layer; and a nitride membrane with a polysilico...

Sacrificial bonds and hidden length in structural molecules and composites have been found to greatly increase the fracture toughness of biomaterials by providing a reversible, molecular-scale energy-dissipation mechanism. This mechanism relies on the energy, of order 100 eV, needed to reduce entropy and increase enthalpy as molecular segments are stretched after being released by the breaking ...

Aligned electrospun scaffolds are promising tools for engineering fibrous musculoskeletal tissues, as they reproduce the mechanical anisotropy of these tissues and can direct ordered neo-tissue formation. However, these scaffolds suffer from a slow cellular infiltration rate, likely due in part to their dense fiber packing. We hypothesized that cell ingress could be expedited in scaffolds by in...

Research into moral decision-making has been dominated by sacrificial dilemmas where, in order to save several lives, it is necessary to sacrifice the life of another person. It is widely assumed that these dilemmas draw a sharp contrast between utilitarian and deontological approaches to morality, and thereby enable us to study the psychological and neural basis of utilitarian judgment. Howeve...

According to circumstance of kerman sarcheshmeh cooper complex that its anode slime is mainly consisted of Cu, Ag, Au, Pb and Se. In this work, recovery of silver from anode slime and subsequent synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaching solution was made. Silver was separated from anode slime by using of HNO3 and HCl. X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) was used to characterize anode sl...

We report a new method for directly monitoring dynamic surface wetting that occurs during electrochemical droplet cell corrosion measurements on an Al alloy and Cu galvanic couple. The combination of goniometer potentiostat enabled the in situ observation wettability polarization each metal at interface two metals 0.4 ?L NaCl aqueous droplets. Droplet spreading was heterogeneously metals, where...

The cable system is an important bearing element of a bridge with stay cables or slings and matter major concern in the safety structure. Bridge are vulnerable to corrosion induced by leakage soaking during their service life. To solve this problem, based on idea proactive control means impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) cables, study designs develops ICCP device for protection. In st...

We propose and demonstrate a new fabrication process of a microchannel using the Damascene process. This process aims to integrate photonic circuits with microchannels fabricated in a glass film. The microchannel is fabricated by the removal of the sacrificial layer after a sacrificial layer is formed by the Damascene process and the cover is formed by sputter deposition. A thin cover layer can...

This paper presents a successful method for releasing high aspect ratio SU-8 micro-structures by the use of positive photoresist (AZ 4620) as sacrificial layer. The AZ 4620 photoresist sacrificial layer was dissolved by the SU-8 developer (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate). Thus, this process reduces the need for complex microfabrication steps and equipments which are otherwise require...