handmade carpets have been used from ancient times for floor covering. most of the researchers around the world have a common idea about the roots and origins of carpet making which belong to persia. although rugs and carpets were introduced to the world such as floor covering but since it was expensive, it had been used such as a hanging picture or cloth tables especially for american people. ...

t in islam world, writing and scribing koran has been always a very important issue. professional  scribers and calligraphers of koran were in the acme point of this process. scribing diversity as  well as different styles of writing divine words does not contradict with uprightness in recording  koran words so that in addition to observing this principle, great calligraphers have tried to  scr...

shah ismail established a dynasty in iran on the premises of nationality and religion. to establish national unity in iran, he announced shia as the official religion. his goal was to strengthen iranian national bonds. the presence of uzbeks in the east and ottomans in the west made it necessary that iranian people reinforce their feeling of patriotism and love for they homeland. shah ismail be...

the political approach of shaykh zāhid gīlānī paved the way for shaykh ṣafī al-dīn ardabīlī’s political thinking and his closeness to the power-holders of the time. in addition to acquiring the rules and manners of sufism, shaykh ṣafī al-dīn learned from his master the political approaches for expanding his sufi order, as well. these approaches turned into a political movement in the safavid or...

baha’ al-dawlah razi was one of the most important physicians in safafid dynasty in iran. he wrote his large medical book, kholasat al-tajarob at 1501 ad. he worked as physician in the courts of two dynasties, teimurid and safavid. he had interesting innovations and findings in surgery, immunology and also in treatment. as examples, we can note to his description of pertussis and also his oral ...