The general formulation of a linear combination of population means permits a wide range of research questions to be tested within the context of ANOVA. However, it has been stressed in many research areas that the homogeneous variances assumption is frequently violated. To accommodate the heterogeneity of variance structure, the Welch–Satterthwaite procedure is commonly used as an alternative ...

In the original study, “The Effect of Exercise on the Work-Family Interface: A Field Experiment Using Group Exercise Classes”, a significant decrease in both WIF (work interference with family) and FIW (family interference with work) was seen in a long-term exercise group. This follow-up survey was done to ascertain whether study participants are still exercising after 11 months and if both WIF...

INTRODUCTION Research on medical students shows that adopting self-regulation of effort, time, and study strategies can positively influence academic achievement. The purpose of the current study was to assess learning and study strategies in medical students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2014-2015 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size was determi...

Here x is a numeric vector of data values and y is an optional numeric vector of data values. If y is excluded, the function performs a one-sample t-test on the data contained in x, if it is included it performs a two-sample t-tests using both x and y. The option mu provides a number indicating the true value of the mean (or difference in means if you are performing a two sample test) under the...

Comparing treatment effects by hypothesis testing is a common practice in plant pathology. Nearest percent estimates (NPEs) of disease severity were compared with Horsfall-Barratt (H-B) scale data to explore whether there was an effect of assessment method on hypothesis testing. A simulation model based on field-collected data using leaves with disease severity of 0 to 60% was used; the relatio...

BACKGROUND The smallest difference to be detected in superiority trials or the largest difference to be ruled out in noninferiority trials is a key determinant of sample size, but little guidance exists to help researchers in their choice. The objectives were to examine the distribution of differences that researchers aim to detect in clinical trials and to verify that those differences are sma...

As is convincingly demonstrated in the target article (Simons et al., 2016, this issue), despite the numerous forms of brain training that have been tested and touted in the past 15 years, there’s little to no evidence that currently existing programs produce lasting, meaningful change in the performance of cognitive tasks that differ from the trained tasks. As detailed by Simons et al., numero...

Increasing global notices in environmental protection, green supply chain management (GSCM) has received much attention by researchers and managers more than the past. Commonly, firms have considered cost criteria to select their suppliers. Despite the fact that there are various papers considering the formal criteria in supplier selection, there is a few limited numbers considering the environ...