We consider two-stage case-control designs for testing associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease, in which a subsample of subjects is used to select a panel of "tagging" SNPs that will be considered in the main study. We propose a pseudolikelihood [Pepe and Flemming, 1991: JASA 86:108-113] that combines the information from both the main study and the substudy to t...

Gender differences in schizophrenia are of great interest to researchers, and some have recently concluded that female patients suffer from a more benign form of the illness. However, the research findings do not support this conclusion consistently, and some reports suggest greater impairment in female patients. In this article, we discuss the potential effects of sampling biases on the findin...

This technical report accompanies the article “Optimistic Bayesian Sampling in Contextual-Bandit Problems” by B.C. May, N. Korda, A. Lee, and D.S. Leslie [3].

In testing of hypothesis situation if the null hypothesis is rejected will itautomatically imply alternative hypothesis will be accepted. This problem has beendiscussed by taking examples from normal distribution.

It is not economically feasible to sequence all study subjects in a large cohort. A cost-effective strategy is to sequence only the subjects with the extreme values of a quantitative trait. In the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project, subjects with the highest or lowest values of body mass index, LDL, or blood pressure were selected for whole-exome sequencing. Fail...

Every two years in the US, 435 congressional elections take place that scholars study using data from the National Election Studies (NES) survey of the American electorate. With a focus on sampling, this article explores two issues: (1) How best to design a national election study if the aim is to understand voting behavior within and across subnational contexts; and (2) How, by comparison, the...

BACKGROUND Tobacco cessation interventions by physicians hold promise in improving quit rates. The 5As intervention ('Ask', 'Advise', 'Assess', 'Assist' and 'Arrange') is an evidence-based approach for tobacco cessation. However, little is known about adherence with the tobacco cessation interventions in primary care in India. In the present study we assessed physicians' adherence with the 5As ...

The retention of nitrous oxide in samples of nitrous oxide in air held in disposable plastic syringes, glass syringes and custom-made nylon film bags was studied by means of gas chromatography at intervals of 90 min, 24, 48 and 120 h after filling the containers. After 24 h the nylon bags retained a mean concentration of 94.5% of the original concentration of nitrous oxide. The disposable plast...

Administrative and other population-based databases are widely used in pharmacoepidemiology to study the unintended effects of medications. They allow investigators to study large case series, and they document prescription medication exposure without having to contact individuals or medical charts, or rely on human recall. However, such databases often lack information on potentially important...