After the existence of phlebotomine sand flies was first reported in China in 1910, the distribution of different species and their role in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been extensively studied. Up until 2008, four species have been verified as vectors of VL, namely, Phlebotomus chinensis (Ph. sichuanensis), Ph. longiductus (Ph. chinensis longiductus), Ph. wui (Ph. major...

The transport of sand in saltation is driven by the persistently unsteady stresses exerted by turbulent winds. Based on coupled high-frequency observations of wind velocity and sand flux on a desert dune during intermittent saltation, we show here how observations of saltation by natural winds depend significantly on the timescale and method used for determining shear stress and sand flux. The ...

The OFF! Clip-On fan vaporizer device releasing metofluthrin was evaluated against phletobomine sand flies in the Judean Desert, Israel, in October, 2009. A total of 76,400 sand flies was collected, with male flies representing 98.3%Phlebotomus sergenti and 1.7%P. papatasi. Females comprised 43.0% of the total catch and included 6.7% blood-fed females. Similar proportions of flies were collecte...

introduction morphological segmentation of land surface is commonly used for land surface allocation in management and environmental sciences. the first step in assigning a piece of land to a specific application is to divide it into homogeneous morphological segments. traditional field-based geomorphological mapping can be time consuming, costly, and challenging when large areas, particularly ...

Germination cues reflect the conditions under which a species is likely to succeed in recruitment. Therefore, knowledge of the seed germination characteristics of key plant species in desertified areas is essential for restoration. The aims of this study were to evaluate the seed germination responses of seven native species, and to explore the implications for vegetation restoration. Seeds of ...

erosion by wind is one of the most important factors in desert environment. prevailing winds can shift sand dunes and affect their accumulation. also, wind regime determines the direction of sand dune mobility. the aim of this research was to investigate sand drift potential using sand movement models. for this research, wind data between 1986 and 2005 from the meteorological station of yazd we...

     This research has attempted to measure the parameters of barchan dunes as one of the desert landforms. This has been conducted by a field survey using cartographic techniques. In the field, two barchan dunes have completely been surveyed by total station equipment. Using the sample points a novel method has been devised to measure the barchans parameters. The method is mainly based on geom...

Due to the rapid development of civil engineering industry, natural medium and coarse sand resources are increasingly scarce. If desert is studied applied in field engineering, shortage high unit price can be greatly solved.Therefore, it very important study instead ordinary sand. Although application has made development, many engineers researchers have done a lot experiments in-depth research...