Previous modeling studies of hyporheic exchange induced by moving bedforms have used a reference frame, typically corresponding to an individual bedform. However, this approach is not suitable for simulating the and accumulation immobile fine particles beneath bedforms, which commonly occurs in sand-bed streams, as both stationary features must be considered. Here we present novel simulation fr...

Changes in the physical properties (size, particle density, bulk density, shrinkage and porosity) and fluidization behaviour of cut green beans with change in moisture content during drying were investigated using a heat pump and fluidized bed dryers. Three length:diameter ratios 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 of cut green beans were considered. All drying experiments were conducted at 50 + 2 0 C and 13 + 2 % R...

sludge drying bed is preferred to mechanical methods due to the need for very simple technology. due to restriction of natural dewatering, we tried to eliminate some of these limitations by the tests and studies of assumptions. in this study, the effect of hydrostatic suction and sludge chemical conditioning has been studied in the natural sludge dewatering optimization. at first, hydrostatic s...

An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) and morphological were simultaneously observed by epifluorescence and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy during fertilization of the sand dollar, Clypeaster japonicus. [Ca2+], which was detected by a Ca2+ indicator, Fluo-3, initially increased just beneath the sperm-attached site on the egg surface 8.6 sec after attachmen...

We summarize information concerning Recent and Pleistocene-Holocene Uruguayan sand dollars (Mellitidae), as well as Miocene taxa (Monophorasteridae). Recent and Pleistocene-Holocene species (Encope emarginata, Mellita quinquiesperforata, and Leodia sexisperforata) are at their southernmost limits of distribution, with only E. emarginata recorded further south than Uruguay. Lower temperatures to...

Many larvae and other plankton have complex and variable morphologies of unknown functional significance. We experimentally and theoretically investigated the functional consequences of the complex morphologies of larval sand dollars, Dendraster excentricus (Eschscholtz), for hydrodynamic interactions between swimming and turbulent water motion. Vertical shearing flows (horizontal gradients of ...