Methylated and un-methylated control DNA is an important part of DNA methylation studies. Although human and mouse DNA methylation control sets are commercially available, in case of methylation studies on other species such as animals, plants, and bacteria, control sets need to be prepared. In this paper a simple method of generating methylated and un-methylated control DNA is described. Whole...

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1111/1365-2745.13880. Data used to obtain the results study are Github repository https://github.com/mripasteam/branching and archived via Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6368354 (Churski et al., 2022). Supinfo Please note: publisher not responsibl...

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.) is one of the most common tree species in boreal forest. However, there limited information on major disturbance agents, eastern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck; EDM) a native, parasitic plant that influences stand development especially at southwestern range limit black Minnesota. The goal our study was to quantify ove...

We determined fine root biomass and production of 15-, 35- and 100-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands during three growing seasons. Fine roots were sampled by the soil core method. Mean (+/- SE) annual fine root biomass of Scots pine in the 15-, 35- and 100-year-old stands was 220 +/- 25, 357 +/- 21 and 259 +/- 26 g m(-2), respectively. Fine root biomass of the understory vegetati...

in Eastern and Central Nepal. Despite the current situation of the Mikania invasion, quantitative data on the impacts and scale of the problems are lacking for the country. Due to the lack of information regarding scale of invasion, the stakeholders have not put forwarded the proper control mechanism of the species. This paper has made an attempt to analyze the scale of invasion through the com...

Making an initial tetrahedral grid for complex geometry can be a tedious and time consuming task. This paper describes a novel procedure for generation of starting tetrahedral cells using hexahedral block topology. Hexahedral blocks are arranged around an aerodynamic body to form a flow domain. Each of the hexahedral blocks is then decomposed into six tetrahedral elements to obtain an initial t...

Humans are increasingly acknowledged as apex predators that shape landscapes of fear to which herbivores adapt their behaviour. Here, we investigate how humans modify deer space-use and effects on vegetation at two spatial scales; zones with different types human use (largescale risk factor) and, nested within that, trails (fine-scale factor). In three contrasting activities: 1) no recreation, ...