The activity of detoxifying enzymes (glutathione-S-transferases (GST), mixed-function oxidases (MFO), and esterases (EST)) and the presence of insensitive variants of target proteins (sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase) were examined in individual male and female codling moths. Twenty-nine populations from 11 countries and two laboratory strains were examined. Populations were classified a...

Roof rats (Rattus rattus) and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are occasional pests of nut and tree fruit orchards throughout California and in many other parts of the USA and beyond. In general, the most practical and cost-effective control method for rodents in many agricultural environments is the use of rodenticides (toxic baits), but little or no information exists on the efficacy of cur...

Traps baited with ethyl (E, Z)-2, 4-decadienoate (pear ester) or (E, E)-8,10-dodecadienol (codlemone) were used to monitor codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in 102 apple,Malus domestica Borkhausen, orchards. All orchards were treated with 500Ð1,000 Isomate-C PLUS dispensers/ha during 2000Ð2002. Traps baitedwith pear ester caught their Þrst moth signiÞcantly later on a...

AIMS To investigate the occurrence and distribution of thermo-acidophilic bacteria (TAB) associated with various commercial fruit crop soils in Japan and to assess their ability to produce the odorous phenolic compound, guaiacol. METHODS AND RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis based on the 5' end of the 16S rRNA gene (approximately 500 bp), was performed on 62 TAB isolated from the soil of several ...

Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in many plant species produce sugary secretions that commonly attract ants. This research determined the impact of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) EFNs on the biological control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a key economic pest in peach orchards, and studied interactions of EFNs and ants. Studies (2002-2005) in p...

Evapotranspiration (ETc) partitioning and obtaining of FAO56 dual crop coefficient (Kc) for olive was carried out with the SIMDualKc software application for root zone and topsoil soil water balance based on the dual crop coefficients. A simplified two source-energy balance model (STSEB), based on daily remotely sensed soil and canopy thermal infrared data and retrieval of surface fluxes, also ...

C first walnut trees and orchards were planted during the Spanish mission period (around 1800), using seedlings of early varieties of Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia) chosen for their superior growth and nut quality. Since the 1890s, walnut trees in California have been propagated by grafting or budding desired cultivars onto rootstocks chosen for their adaptation to different physical...

The two acknowledged vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ in north-western Italy, the psyllid Cacopsylla melanoneura and the leafhopper Fieberiella florii, have been compared to highlight their role in the apple proliferation epidemiology in relation to their infectivity, transmission efficiency and permanence in apple orchards and in wild vegetation, predominantly hawthorn formations. The ...

Background: Since primary healthcare is a significant link in promoting and maintaining the health of elderly, evaluating age-friendliness service provision system great importance ensuring elderly. The purpose this study to evaluate state centers’ compliance with standards Saveh city.
 Methods: This was cross-sectional descriptive conducted on May June 2022, city, Markazi Province Iran. s...

Abstract Studies were conducted in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen and pear, Pyrus communis L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), orchards to evaluate the attractiveness of grey halobutyl septa loaded with 1 (L2) and 10 (Mega) mg of codlemone, 8E, 10E-dodecadien-1-ol, 3 mg of pear ester, ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate (DA2313), and 3 mg of pear ester plus 3 mg of codlemone (Combo) to adult codling moth, Cydi...