INTRODUCTION Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common birth defects. Spina bifida (SB) and anencephaly make up approximately 90% of total NTDs. Given the number of infants born with an NTD each year, anyone who provides unpaid care for the child (especially caregivers) is affected. This literature review explores the humanistic burden on caregivers of people with SB, specifically m...

Sodium butyrate (SB) is used as an acidifier in animal feed. We hypothesized that supplemental SB impacts gastric morphology and function, depending on the period of SB provision. The effect of SB on the oxyntic and pyloric mucosa was studied in 4 groups of 8 pigs, each supplemented with SB either during the suckling period (d 4–28 of age), after weaning (d 29 to 39–40of age) or both, or never....

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system is a nonviral DNA delivery system in which a transposase directs integration of an SB transposon into TA-dinucleotide sites in the genome. To determine whether the SB transposon system can mediate stable gene expression in human T cells, primary peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were nucleofected with SB vectors carrying a DsRed reporter gene. Plasmi...

Green rust (Fe(4)(II)Fe(2)(III)(OH)(12)SO(4).3H(2)O) is an intermediate phase in the formation of iron (oxyhydr)oxides such as goethite, lepidocrocite, and magnetite. It is widely considered that green rust occurs in many soil and sediment systems. Green rust has been shown to reduce sorbed Se(VI), Cr(VI), and U(VI). In addition, it is also reported that green rust does not reduce As(V) to As(I...

AIMS This study was performed to evaluate the functional outcomes of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided jailed side-branch (SB) intervention strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and ten patients treated by provisional strategy were consecutively enrolled and SB FFR was measured in 91 patients. SB intervention was allowed when FFR was <0.75. FFR measurement was repeated after SB interve...

We use a vertical double quantum dot (QD) to study spin blockade (SB) for the twoto five-electron states. SB observed for the twoand four-electron states is both assigned to Pauli exclusion with formation of a spin triplet state, and lifted by singlet-triplet admixing due to fluctuating nuclear field. SB observed for the five-electron state is caused by combined Pauli effect and Hund’s rule. We...

Sb(III) oxidation was documented in an Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolate that can also oxidize As(III). Equivalent Sb(III) oxidation rates were observed in the parental wild-type organism and in two well-characterized mutants that cannot oxidize As(III) for fundamentally different reasons. Therefore, despite the literature suggesting that Sb(III) and As(III) may be biochemical analogs, Sb(III) ...

Background Recent evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) exert independent effects on health. Therefore, measurement methods that can accurately assess both constructs are needed. Objective To compare the accuracy of accelerometers placed on the hip, thigh, and wrists, coupled with machine learning models, for measurement of PA intensity category (SB, light-...

BACKGROUND Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been recognized as an effective strategy in preventing endotracheal intubation in subjects with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Some interface-related complications have also been recognized, such as skin breakdown (SB). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of SB and identify potential treatment-related risk factors for its developme...

Ab initio calculations, based on norm-conserving pseudopotentials and density functional theory, have been performed to investigate the displacive Sb adsorption on the Si(0 0 1) surface with the (2 1) reconstruction. For the onemonolayer coverage of Sb, even though the formation of a pure Sb–Sb dimer is energetically more favorable than the interdiffusion of Sb into any of the second and third ...