primary man in trying to find food went everywhere. but by forming ranching arranged a chain of places and became emigrant. by happening industrial revolution, human life was centralized on one place.  places that base on its advantages make different biologic and behavioral types. forming cities in seaboard, river shore, boundary of mountains and champaign cause to make different cultures that...

Classical software development methodologies take architectural issues as granted or pre-determined. They thus neglect the impact decisions for architecture have within the development process. This omission is applicable as long as we are considering monolithic systems. It cannot however been kept whenever we move to distributed systems. Web information systems pay far more attention to users ...

In large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows the dynamics of the large scale structures are computed, while the effect of the small scale turbulence is modeled. The differential equations describing the space-time evolution of the large scale structures are formally derived by applying a low-pass filter with non-uniform filter width to the Navier-Stokes equations. For an incompressible flo...

Software evolution and reuse is more likely to receive higher payoff if high-level artifacts—such as architectures and designs—can be reused and can guide low-level component reuse. In practice, however, high-level artifacts are often not appropriately captured. This paper presents an approach to capturing and assessing software architectures for evolution and reuse. The approach consists of a ...

As new market opportunities, technologies, platforms, and frameworks become available, systems require large-scale and systematic architectural restructuring to accommodate them. Today’s architects have few tools and techniques to help them plan this architecture evolution. In particular, they have little assistance in planning alternative evolution paths, trading off various aspects of the dif...