Fluid shear stress alters the morphology and function of the endothelium by activating several kinases. Furthermore, shear stress potently inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells. Since activation of Akt kinase has been shown to prevent cell death, we investigated the effects of shear stress on Akt phosphorylation. To test the hypothesis that shear stress interacts with the Akt kinase pathway, ...

Smallscale internal waves are numerically ray-traced through random 3-D Garrett and Munk (GM) internal wave backgrounds. Past ray-tracing investigations have considered only interactions with background vertical shear Vz = (Uz, Vz). Our numerical simulations indicate a non-negligible role for vertical divergence Wz. The spectral transfer of internalwave energy toward high vertical wavenumber kz...

The compressibility and heat of reaction influence on the scalar mixing in decaying isotropic turbulence and homogeneous shear flow are examined via data generated by direct numerical simulations (DNS). The reaction is modeled as one-step, exothermic, irreversible and Arrhenius type. For the shear flow simulations, the scalar dissipation rate, as well as the time scale ratio of mechanical to sc...

This study proposed a numerical procedure to simulate the deformation behaviors of the uniaxial compression test of single gabion and of the lateral loading test of full scale gabion retaining wall. The validity of the numerical procedures is verified by the comparison of the measurements with the simulations of deformation behavior. In addition, two evaluation equations which are capable of es...

Weak lensing by large-scale structure provides a direct measurement of matter fluctuations in the universe. We report a measurement of this ‘cosmic shear’ based on 271 WFPC2 archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope Medium Deep Survey (MDS). Our measurement method and treatment of systematic effects were discussed in an earlier paper. We measure the shear variance on scales ranging from 0...

The goal of this work is to develop and investigate the properties of a new type of multifunctional composite which is based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The composite was prepared from a MWCNT “bucky paper” film which was sandwiched between two adhesive layers. Both two point probe and four point probe methods were used to test its mechanical strain sensing properties. The Young’ ...

The examination of the meso-mechanical properties soils is fundamental to understand its macro-behaviour. This paper aims evaluate potential application Digital Image Correlation (DIC), an optical image processing approach, in direct shear test (DST) for soils. Hence, a new box was designed investigate close behaviour granular materials. noise-floor and displacement accuracy were discussed asse...