ABSTRACT Small-scale dynamos play important roles in modern astrophysics, especially on galactic and extragalactic scales. Owing to dynamo action, purely hydrodynamic Kolmogorov turbulence hardly exists is often replaced by hydromagnetic turbulence. Understanding the size of dissipative magnetic structures estimating time-scale scintillation other observational theoretical aspects interstellar ...

This work proposes a systematic topology optimization approach for simultaneously designing the morphing functionality and actuation in three-dimensional wing structures. The was modeled by linear-strain-based expansion material. A three-phase material model employed to represent structural actuating materials voids. To ensure both stiffness with respect aerodynamic loading capabilities, proble...