1. In 2010, the Department of Health and Food Standards Agency asked the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) and the Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT) to assess the evidence on timing of introduction of gluten into the infant diet and subsequent risk of developing coeliac disease or type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The request ...

The NRC is issuing this regulatory issue summary (RIS) to inform recipients of the status of the agency’s efforts to implement the requirements of Section 651(e) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) on “Treatment of Accelerator-Produced and Other Radioactive Material as Byproduct Material.” This RIS updates the information contained in RIS 2007-22, “Status Update for Implementation of NRC R...

When we build electronic cash systems, the main focus of the design is usually on preventing customers’ malicious actions. However, since authorities such as banks and certificate authorities may have important secret data of customers, the insiders in the potentially untrusted authorities can become threats to electronic cash systems. Miyazaki and Sakurai [2] first systematically analyzed secu...

Scientific disputes about public health issues can become emotional battlefields marked by strong emotions like anger, contempt, and disgust. Contemporary work in moral psychology demonstrates that each of these emotions is a reaction to a specific type of moral violation. Applying this work to harm reduction debates, specifically the use of smokeless tobacco to reduce harm from tobacco use, we...

Scientific workflows (SWF) are an emerging approach that enables scientists to compose and execute complex, distributed scientific processes. The approach is premised on the ability to compose, publish, share and reuse workflows across distributed communities of collaborating scientists. Scientific workflow software (SWFS) provides a technical framework to compose, publish, and reuse SWFs toget...

There is an emerging consensus both within the social scientific research community and more widely in public domain that expert authority “in trouble.” However, there much greater disagreement over scope scale of this trouble what it might mean for nature, status, significance 21st century. This paper identifies assesses three different narratives concerning crisis authority. These constitute ...

If an antitrust authority chooses an enforcement policy to maximize the number of successfully prosecuted cartels, when does that policy minimize the number of cartels that form? When the detection and prosecution of cartels is inherently difficult, we find that an antitrust authority’s policy minimizes the number of cartels, as is socially desirable. But when the detection and prosecution of c...

A group of activist clinicians have offered to volunteer for clinical trials of live attenuated HIV vaccines. This has provided an important conceptual challenge to medical ethics, and to work on the development of HIV vaccines. In exploring these issues, this article highlights how the HIV field has altered the content as well as the tone of ethical discourse. The balance of expertise and auth...

The modern world, on the one hand, longs for authority figures, and other, often rejects them all. present paper is a scientific reflection issue of in context person teachings John Paul II family. Referring to research, text demonstrates need figures society while also giving examples how these role models are rejected. Over years, there has been visible decline percentage people declaring tha...

Katrina Karkazis is a medical anthropologist at the Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University. Her first book, Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience (Duke University Press, 2008), looks at the question of how to treat infants whose bodies do not fit neatly into our scientific categories of “male” or “female,” from the perspective of doctors, parents, and adults w...