The release and survival of ascospores of a UK Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate were studied. Apothecia placed in a spore clock apparatus with different lighting regimes at 15 degrees C released ascospores continuously with an increasing rate for the duration of experiments (72-84 h). Spore release was not confined to light or dark periods in alternating regimes and occurred in continuous dark ...

In this experiment, the action mechanism of gene Ssc1 was studied in process interaction with plants through heterologous expression, subcellular localization and fluorescent PCR technology. It found that could enhance pathogenicity Botrytis cinerea expression. Fusing promoter, SP CTP GFP expressing tobacco, it fusion protein be secreted into plant cells located chloroplasts. Trypan blue staini...

Thymol is a natural plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. However, the antifungal mechanism for thymol against phytopathogens remains unclear. In this study, we identified the antifungal action of thymol against Fusarium graminearum, an economically important phytopathogen showing severe resistance to traditional chemical fungicid...

Plant pathogens with a broad host range are able to infect plant lineages that diverged over 100 million years ago. They exert similar and recurring constraints on the evolution of unrelated plant populations. Plants generally respond with quantitative disease resistance (QDR), a form of immunity relying on complex genetic determinants. In most cases, the molecular determinants of QDR and how t...

Oxalic acid is an important virulence factor for disease caused by the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, yet calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals have not been widely reported. B. carinata stems were infected with S. sclerotiorum and observed using light microscopy. Six hours post inoculation (hpi), CaOx crystals were evident on 46% of stem sections and by 72 hpi on 100%, demons...

Resistance of benzimidazole fungicides is related to the point mutation of the β-tubulin gene in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The point mutation at codon 198 (GAG → GCG, E198A) occurs in more than 90% of field resistant populations in China. Traditional detection methods of benzimidazole-resistant mutants of S. sclerotiorum are time-consuming, tedious and inefficient. To establish a suitable and r...

AIMS To establish the modes of action of the antagonistic fungal strain Clonostachys rosea BAFC3874 isolated from suppressive soils against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and to determine its potential as a biocontrol agent. METHODS AND RESULTS The antagonistic activity of C. rosea BAFC3874 was determined in vitro by dual cultures. The strain effectively antagonized S. sclerotiorum in pot-grown let...

Most Fusarium graminearum isolates produce low or undetectable levels of trichothecenes in liquid shake cultures, making it difficult to perform biochemical studies of trichothecene biosynthesis. To develop strains with higher levels of trichothecene production under liquid shake conditions we transformed F. graminearum with both a reporter gene containing a homologous trichothecene pathway gen...

Fusarium species produce important mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and T-2/HT-2-toxins in cereals. The highest DON and T-2/HT-2 toxin levels in northern Europe have been found in oats. About 12%-24% of Finnish oat samples in 2012 contained >1.75 mg·kg-1 of DON, which belongs to type B trichothecenes. Fusarium graminearum is the most important DON producer in northern E...