INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in the last three decades and became an important public health concern. Evidence of weight status variability at the neighbourhood level has led researchers to look more precisely at the characteristics of local geographic areas that might influence energy balance related behaviours, giving rise to the field of the 'neighbourho...

INTRODUCTION The primary functions of peer reviewers are poorly defined. Thus far no body of literature has systematically identified the roles and tasks of peer reviewers of biomedical journals. A clear establishment of these can lead to improvements in the peer review process. The purpose of this scoping review is to determine what is known on the roles and tasks of peer reviewers. METHODS ...

Certain restrictions on possible scopings of quantified noun phrases in natural language are usually expressed in terms of formal constraints on binding at a level of logical form. Such reliance on the form rather than the content of semantic interpretations goes against the spirit of compositionality. I will show that those scoping restrictions follow from simple and fundamental facts about fu...

Sandia National Laboratories is responsible for assuring that our nuclear deterrent remains credible and that the one in a billion disaster of unintended nuclear detonation never occurs. Letting mistake-generated defects into the stockpile would undermine its mission. The current era of shrinking stockpiles is shrinking Sandia’s opportunities to discover and correct mistakes and fine-tune proce...

A universally quantified goal can be interpreted intensionally, that is, the goal ∀x.G(x) succeeds if for some new constant c, the goal G(c) succeeds. The constant c is, in a sense, given a scope: it is introduced to solve this goal and is "discharged" after the goal succeeds or fails. This interpretation is similar to the interpretation of implicational goals: the goal D ⊃ G should succeed if ...

In a modern programming language, scoping rules determine the visibility of names in various regions of a program [15]. In this work, we examine the idea of allowing an application developer to customize the scoping rules of its underlying language. We demonstrate that such an ability can serve as the cornerstone of a security architecture for dynamically extensible systems. A run-time module s...

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly employed to develop sophisticated applications beyond simple data gathering. In these scenarios, heterogeneous nodes are deployed, and multiple parallel activities must be performed to achieve the application goals. Therefore, application developers require the ability to partition the system based on the node characteristics, and specify the interactio...

OBJECTIVES People of South Asian ethnicity are under-represented in health research studies. The objectives of this scoping review were to examine the barriers and facilitators to recruitment of South Asians to health research studies and to describe strategies for improving recruitment. DESIGN Scoping review METHODS: Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews, we comprehensi...

BACKGROUND Patient involvement has only recently received attention as a potentially useful approach to patient safety in primary care. OBJECTIVE To summarize work conducted on a scoping review of interventions focussing on patient involvement for patient safety; to develop consensus-based recommendations in this area. METHODS Scoping review of the literature 2006-2011 about methods and eff...

This paper describes a program for handling "scope ambiguities" in individual English sentences. The program operates on initial logical translations, generated by a parser/translator, in which "unscoped elements" such as quantifiers, coordinators and negation are left in place to be extracted and positioned by the scoping program. The program produces the set of valid scoped readings, omitting...