The inaccessibility of open ocean habitat and the cryptic nature of small animals are fundamental problems when assessing the distribution of oceanic-stage sea turtles and other marine animals sharing similar life-history traits. Most methods that estimate patterns of abundance cannot be applied in situations that are extremely data limited. Here, we use a movement ecology framework to generate...

Cutaneous injuries by marine animals have a myriad of clinical presentations. Most require only symptomatic treatment, but some may be limb-threatening or even fatal. This is a report of three cases of marine animal injuries by a stingray, a sea anemone and a jellyfish, respectively, illustrating the potential severity of such injuries. The importance of early diagnosis is emphasised, with a di...

Tardi-what? Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are a littlestudied phylum of animals. First discovered 230 years ago, there are at least 700 different species living on land, in fresh water and in the sea. The tardigrades represent a successful group of animals — in flourishing existence after about 600 million years of evolution — that could hold keys to the patterns and mechanisms by whi...

Caspian sea is a land–locked brackish water lake where zoologically characterized by various aquatic animals aquatic animals and different commercially important fish species Shariati [15]. The fishes in the Caspian Sea and its watershed areas include 78 species, and 49 subspecies which belong to 16 fish family. The bulk of Caspian Sea fishes are anadromos and the major commercially important f...

To determine the prevalence of animal fascioliasis in coastal regions of the Caspian Sea, during 2006-2007, a total of 2368 faecal samples were collected from sheep (n=1250), cattle (n=975) and horse (n=143). The samples were obtained directly from the rectum of animals. Floatation method was performed for determination of egg per gram of faeces (EPG). Our findings revealed the presence of Fasc...

Coelenterates are generally assumed to be primitive animals with simple nervous systems. We believe, however, that in at least one group, the sea anemones, the nervous system is in reality rather complex, a view supported by the growing number of neuropeptides recently extracted from these animals (Grimmelikhuijzen et al. 1990a,b). Three of these peptides (Antho-RFamide and the Antho-RWamides I...

An olfactory receptor (OR) multigene family is responsible for the well-developed sense of smell possessed by terrestrial tetrapods. Mammalian OR genes had diverged greatly in the terrestrial environment after the fish-tetrapod split, indicating their importance to land habitation. In this study, we analysed OR genes of marine tetrapods (minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata, dwarf sperm whale...